Филипп Дженкинс - Войны за Бога. Насилие в Библии

{283} Roberts and Donaldson, eds., The Apostolic Fathers, vol. 1, 352–53; Williams, trans., The Panarion of Epiphanius of Salamis, vol. 1, 272–337; Robert Smith Wilson, Marcion (London: Clarke, 1933); E. C. Blackman, Marcion and His Influence (New York: AMS Press, 1978 [1948]); Eric A. Seibert, Disturbing Divine Behavior (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2009), 54–68.

{284} «The author of evils» is from Irenaeus, «Against Heresies», xxvii, на сайте http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/anf01.ix.ii.xxviii.html; Tertullian, «Against Marcion», на сайте http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/03121.htm и http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/03122.htm.

{285} О том, как Бог ожесточает сердца противников, см. Irenaeus, «Against Heresies», xxix, на сайте http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/anf01.ix.vi.xxx.html; «Каину и тем, кто ему подобен…» см. xxvii, http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/anf01.ix.ii.xxviii.html.

{286} Williams, trans., The Panarion of Epiphanius of Salamis, vol. 2, 219–308: цитата со стр. 302.

{287} Williams, trans., The Panarion of Epiphanius of Salamis, vol. 2, 227; Roland Teske, ed., Answer to Faustus, a Manichaean (Hyde Park, NY: New City Press, 2007).

{288} Samuel N. C. Lieu, Manichaeism in the Later Roman Empire and Medieval China (Tubingen, Germany: Mohr, 1992).

{289} Elaine H. Pagels, The Gnostic Gospels (New York: Random House, 1979).

{290} О современных попытках освободить Иисуса от иудаизма см. Philip Jenkins, Hidden Gospels (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 2000); Susannah Heschel, The Aryan Jesus (Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press, 2008).

{291} Stewart J. Brown and Timothy Tackett, eds., Enlightenment, Reawakening and Revolution 1660–1815 (New York: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2006); David Sorkin, The Religious Enlightenment (Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press, 2008).

{292} Christoph A. Stumpf, The Grotian Theology of International Law (Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 2006); David Armstrong, ed., Routledge Handbook of International Law (New York: Routledge, 2009).

{293} S. J. Barnett, Idol Temples and Crafty Priests (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1999).

{294} John Toland, Christianity Not Mysterious (London: 1702), 37; W. Neil, «The Criticism and Theological Use of the Bible 1700–1950», in Stanley F. Greenslade, ed., The Cambridge History of the Bible (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1975), vol. 3, 240–54; James A. Herrick, The Radical Rhetoric of the English Deists (Columbia: Univ. of South Carolina Press, 1997).

{295} Stephen Lalor, Matthew Tindal, Freethinker (New York: Continuum, 2006).

{296} «Даже когда буквальный смысл…» – Matthew Tindal, Christianity as Old as the Creation (New York: Garland, 1978 [1730]), 262; «Чем более святого мужа…» – 264–65; «Без сомнения, порочным священникам…» – 270–71.

{297} Tindal, Christianity as Old as the Creation, 274–75.

{298} Tindal, Christianity as Old as the Creation, 273; Justin Champion, Republican Learning (Manchester, England: Manchester Univ. Press, 2003).

{299} О Тиндале и «стремлении к счастью» см. Lalor, Matthew Tindal, 5. Charles H. Talbert, ed., Reimarus: Fragments (Chico, CA: Scholars Press, 1985; reprint of 1970 edition from Fortress Press). О первых спорах вокруг авторитета Библии в Европе см. Paul S. Spalding, Seize the Book, Jail the Author (West Lafayette, IN: Purdue Univ. Press, 1998).

{300} Thomas Paine, The Age of Reason (New York: Wright & Owen, 1831), part 1, sect. 4.

{301} Paine, The Age of Reason, part 2, sect. 6.

{302} Цитата приводится в книге James Smith, The Christian’s Defence (Cincinnati, OH: J. A. James, 1843), 296.

{303} Voltaire, «Des Moeurs des Juifs», Oeuvres Completes de Voltaire: Philosophie (Paris: Armand-Abree, 1830), vol. 2, 21–22.

{304} Mark Twain, Letters from the Earth, ed. Bernard DeVoto (New York: Perennial, 1974), 54–55; Howard G. Baetzhold and Joseph B. McCullough, eds., The Bible According to Mark Twain (New York: Touchstone Books, 1996); Seibert, Disturbing Divine Behavior, 40–43.

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{305} Georges R. Tamarin, The Israeli Dilemma (Rotterdam, Netherlands: Rotterdam Univ. Press, 1973).

{306} Leon Festinger, Henry W. Riecken, and Stanley Schacter, When Prophecy Fails (Minneapolis: Univ. of Minnesota Press, 1956); Joel Cooper, Cognitive Dissonance (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2007); Carol Tavris, Mistakes Were Made (But Not By Me) (New York: Harcourt, 2007).

{307} David Matza, Delinquency and Drift (New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction, 1990); Franklyn W. Dunford and Phillip R. Kunz, «The Neutralization of Religious Dissonance», Review of Religious Research 15, no. 1 (1973): 2–9.

{308} О разных стратегиях чтения неприемлемых текстов см. Eric A. Seibert, Disturbing Divine Behavior (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2009), 209–42. Robert Eisen, The Peace and Violence of Judaism (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 2011).

{309} Lesleigh Cushing Stahlberg, Sustaining Fictions (New York: T&T Clark, 2008).

{310} Jerome Creach, Joshua (Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press, 2003), 42.

{311} J. Rabbinowitz, ed., «Deuteronomy», in Harry Freedman and Maurice Simon, eds., Midrash Rabbah, 13 vols. in 10 (London: Soncino Press, 1939), vol. 7, 116.

{312} Serge Lancel, Carthage (Cambridge, MA: Blackwell, 1994). «Потомки Амана изучали Тору в Венай-Берак. Святой, да будет Он благословен, замыслил привести даже потомков этого злодея под крылья Шехины », Babylonian Talmud, Sanhedrin 96b, на сайте http://www.come-and-hear.com/sanhedrin/sanhedrin_96.html#96b_18.

{313} Пс 105:29–31.

{314} Louis H. Feldman, « Remember Amalek!» (Detroit, MI: Wayne State Univ. Press, 2004). Жестокая история Иеффая также получила новое истолкование подобного рода. В оригинальной версии (Судей 11:29–40) Иеффай должен принести дочь в жертву по той причине, что дал опрометчивый обет Богу. Позднейшие учителя пытались предложить новое понимание случившегося: клятва отца состояла не в том, чтобы умертвить свою дочь, но лишь в том, что она останется девой на всю свою жизнь. См. Joshua Berman, «Medieval Monasticism and the Evolution of Jewish Interpretation of the Story of Jephthah’s Daughter», Jewish Quarterly Review 95.2 (2005): 228–56.

{315} Moshe Sokolow, «What Is This Bleeting of Sheep in My Ears?» in Lawrence H. Schiffman and Joel B. Wolowelsky, eds., War and Peace in the Jewish Tradition (New York: KTAV, 2007), 133–62.

{316} Слова Бааля Шема Това приводятся, например, в «The Song That Transformed Amalek», на сайте http://www.decoupageforthesoul.com/rebbesaysadar5763.htm; цитата из рабби Шнеерсона с сайта http://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/150871/jewish/Amalek-The-Perpetual-Enemy-of-the-Jewish-People. htm.

{317} «Remember What Amalek Did to You», на сайте http://www.chabad.org/parshah/article_cdo/aid/704644/jewish/Remember-What-Amalek-Did-to-You. htm.

{318} G. F. Haddad, «Documentation of Greater Jihad Hadith», на сайте http://www.livingislam.org/n/dgjh_e. html.

{319} Cheikh Anta Mbacke Babou, Fighting the Greater Jihad (Athens: Ohio Univ. Press, 2007); Annabel Keeler, Sufi Hermeneutics (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 2006).

{320} Michael Slusser, ed., Dialogue with Trypho, by St. Justin Martyr (Washington, DC: Catholic Univ. of America Press, 2003).

{321} Thomas R. Neufeld, Put on the Armour of God (Sheffield, England: Sheffield Academic Press, 1997); A. Graeme Auld, Joshua Retold (Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1998), 129–39.

{322} Shelly Matthews and E. Leigh Gibson, eds., Violence in the New Testament (London: T&T Clark, 2005).

{323} «The Epistle of Barnabas», in Bart Ehrman, ed., Apostolic Fathers, 2 vols. (Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press, 2003), vol. 2, 59.

{324} Joseph T. Lienhard with Ronnie J. Rombs, eds., Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2001); John R. Franke, ed., Joshua, Judges, Ruth, 1–2 Samuel (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2005).

{325} Seibert, Disturbing Divine Behavior, 61–64; Elizabeth Dively Lauro, The Soul and Spirit of Scripture Within Origen’s Exegesis (Leiden, Netherlands: Brill, 2005); Elizabeth Dively Lauro, ed., Origen: Homilies on Judges (Washington, DC: Catholic Univ. of America Press, 2010).

{326} Cynthia White, ed., Origen: Homilies on Joshua (Washington, DC: Catholic Univ. of America Press, 2002), 125 – «Таким образом, этот труд…»; повествование о пяти царях – 118–19.

{327} White, ed., Origen: Homilies on Joshua, 34 – «Внутри нас есть ханаанеи…»; 92–93 – «За этими словами сокрыты…»; сравни 145.

{328} Augustine, «Reply to Faustus», xxii, на сайте http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf104.iv.ix.xxiv.html.

{329} Augustine, «Reply to Faustus», xxii, на сайте http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf104.iv.ix.xxiv.html.

{330} John Russell Bartlett, ed., The Letters of Roger Williams 1632–1682 (Providence, RI: Narragansett Club, 1874), 10.

{331} G. Osborn, ed., The Poetical Works of John and Charles Wesley (London: Wesleyan-Methodist Conference Centre, 1870), vol. 9, 125–26. Jeffrey Williams, Religion and Violence in Early American Methodism (Bloomington: Indiana Univ. Press, 2010).

{332} Jonathan Bayley, From Egypt to Canaan (London: George P. Alvey, 1867), 93–94.

{333} Доступен на сайте http://cyberhymnal.org/htm/c/h/chridost. htm.

{334} Эти высказывания часто цитируются, см., например, Patrick F. O’Hare, The Facts About Luther (New York: Frederick Pustet, 1916), 207–8.

{335} Thomas Jefferson, The Jefferson Bible (Boston, MA: Beacon Press, 1989).

{336} E. A. Thompson, The Visigoths in the Time of Ulfila (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1966).

{337} Reuben Archer Torrey, Difficulties and Alleged Errors and Contradictions in the Bible (New York: Revell, 1907), 62–63, где речь идет о Римлянах 1:26–27.

{338} О Пс 136 см. Susan Gillingham, Psalms Through the Centuries (Oxford: Blackwell, 2008); «из страха перед Иудеями» – Ин 20:19.

{339} Frank C. Senn, Christian Liturgy (Minneapolis: Augsburg Fortress, 1997).

{340} Ис 7:14.

{341} Consultation on Common Texts, Revised Common Lectionary (Nashville, TN: Abingdon Press, 1992); Roger E. Van Harn, ed., The Lectionary Commentary, 3 vols. (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2001); David Lyon Bartlett and Barbara Brown Taylor, Feasting on the Word (Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press, 2008); Roger E. Van Harn and Brent A. Strawn, eds., Psalms for Preaching and Worship (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2009).

{342} Числ 21:6–9; Ин 3:14–15.

{343} Исх 17.

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{344} Baruch Halpern, The First Historians (San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1988).

{345} Joel Kaminsky, Yet I Loved Jacob (Nashville, TN: Abingdon Press, 2007).

{346} Timothy Larsen and Daniel J. Treier, eds., The Cambridge Companion to Evangelical Theology (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2007); Ben Witherington III, The Problem with Evangelical Theology (Waco, TX: Baylor Univ. Press, 2005).

{347} Thomas Cripps, ed., The Green Pastures (Madison: Univ. of Wisconsin Press, 1979).

{348} Роберт Райт, Эволюция Бога, М.: Эксмо, 2012; Jack Miles, God: A Biography (New York: Knopf, 1995).

{349} Райт, Эволюция Бога, с. 227.

{350} Philip J. King, Amos, Hosea, Micah (Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1988); Richard E. Rubenstein, Thus Saith the Lord (New York: Harcourt, 2006).

{351} Diana V. Edelman and Ehud Ben Zvi, eds., The Production of Prophecy (Oakville, CT: Equinox, 2010); Oded Lipschits and Joseph Blenkinsopp, eds., Judah and the Judeans in the Neo-Babylonian Period (Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2003); Stephen L. Cook, The Social Roots of Biblical Yahwism (Leiden, Netherlands: Brill, 2004).

{352} Амос 3:2; Пс 104: 44–45. Francis I. Andersen and David Noel Freedman, Amos (New Haven, CT: Yale Univ. Press, 2007); Goran Eidevall, Prophecy and Propaganda (Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2009); Tchadvar S. Hadjiev, The Composition and Redaction of the Book of Amos (New York: De Gruyter, 2009).

{353} Мих 6:8. Francis I. Andersen and David Noel Freedman, Micah (New Haven, CT: Yale Univ. Press, 2006); сравни Andersen and Freedman, Hosea .

{354} Амос 5:21–24.

{355} О хереме для народов см. Ис 34:1–5; образ Бога в окровавленных одеждах – Ис 63:1–4. Corrine Carvalho, «The Beauty of the Bloody God», in Julia M. O’Brien and Chris Franke, eds., The Aesthetics of Violence in the Prophets (New York: T&T Clark, 2010); Matthijs J. de Jong, Isaiah Among the Ancient Near Eastern Prophets (Leiden, Netherlands: Brill, 2007).