Филипп Дженкинс - Войны за Бога. Насилие в Библии

{224} Лев 20:2–7; Исх 34:13.

{225} Хорма упоминается в Суд 1:17. Ludwig A. Rosenthal, «Einiges uber die Agada in der Mechilta», in George Alexander Kohut, ed., Semitic Studies in Memory of Rev. Dr. Alexander-Kohut (Berlin: S. Calvary, 1897), 463–84; Franz Meffert, Israel und der alte Orient (Monchengladbach, Germany: Volksvereins-Verlag, 1921).

{226} Энгельс и «Ausrottung» – см. на сайте http://www.mlwerke.de/me/me16/me16_459.htm.

{227} David Olusoga and Casper W. Erichsen, The Kaiser’s Holocaust (London: Faber & Faber, 2010); Isabel V. Hull, Absolute Destruction (Ithaca, NY: Cornell Univ. Press, 2005); Carl-J. Hellberg, Mission, Colonialism and Liberation (Windhoek, Namibia: New Namibia Books, 1997); Jan-Bart Gewald, «The Great General of the Kaiser», Botswana Notes and Records 26 (1994): 67–76.

{228} Cathie Carmichael, Genocide Before the Holocaust (New Haven, CT: Yale Univ. Press, 2009); Volker M. Langbehn, ed., German Colonialism, Visual Culture, and Modern Memory (New York: Routledge, 2010); Shelley Baranowski, Nazi Empire (New York: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2010).

{229} Dickson Adeyanju, «Pastor Bakare and His Burden of Prophecies», на сайте http://www.nigerdeltacongress.com/particles/pastor_bakare_and_his_burden_of. htm.

{230} David F. Dawes, «Rwanda’s Genocide», at http://www.canadianchristianity.com/cgi-bin/bc. cgi? bc/bccn/0601/intrwanda.

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{231} 2 Макк 12:13–16. Lawrence H. Schiffman and Joel B. Wolowelsky, eds., War and Peace in the Jewish Tradition (New York: KTAV, 2007); Frank Ritchel Ames, «The Meaning of War», in Brad E. Kelle and Frank Ritchel Ames, eds., Writing and Reading War (Leiden, Netherlands: Brill, 2008), 19–32. О сложных нюансах установок евреев относительно войны и насилия на протяжении их многовековой истории см. Robert Eisen, The Peace and Violence of Judaism (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 2011).

{232} Michael Wise, Martin Abegg, Jr., and Edward Cook, The Dead Sea Scrolls (San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1996), 151, 150–72; Geza Vermes, ed., The Complete Dead Sea Scrolls in English (New York: Allen Lane/Penguin Press, 1997), 161–89; Jean Duhaime, The War Texts (London: T&T Clark, 2004).

{233} Tremper Longman III and Daniel G. Reid, God Is a Warrior (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1995).

{234} Gerard Garitte, ed., La Prise de Jerusalem par les Perses en 614 (Louvain, Belgium: Secretariat du CorpusSCO, 1960); Seth Schwartz, Imperialism and Jewish Society, 200 b. c. e. to 640 c. e. (Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press, 2001); Elliott Horowitz, Reckless Rites (Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press, 2006), 228–41; Leo Dupree Sandgren, Vines Intertwined (Grand Rapids, Mich.: Baker Academic, 2010).

{235} Сир 45:28; 1 Мак 2:26. Mark Andrew Brighton, The Sicarii in Josephus’s Judean War (Leiden, Netherlands: Brill, 2009).

{236} «Phinehas», Jewish Encyclopedia, на сайте http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/ view. jsp? artid=282&letter=P; «Zealots», Jewish Encyclopedia, на сайте http:// www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view. jsp? artid=49&letter=Z. Финеес как апокалиптический герой – см. James Hastings, ed., A Dictionary of the Bible (New York: Scribner, 1900), 854. О комментариях на отрывок про Финееса см. Judah J. Slotki, ed., «Numbers», in Harry Freedman and Maurice Simon, eds., Midrash Rabbah, 13 vols. in 10 (London: Soncino Press, 1939), vol. 6, 827–52: «Если кто-то прольет…» – 829–30.

{237} Shalom Carmy, «The Origin of Nations and the Shadow of Violence», in Schiffman and Wolowelsky, eds., War and Peace in the Jewish Tradition, 163–200; Alastair G. Hunter, «(De) Nominating Amalek», in Jonneke Bekkenkamp and Yvonne Sherwood, eds., Sanctified Aggression (London: T&T Clark, 2003), 92–108.

{238} Исх 17:14–15. Louis H. Feldman, «Remember Amalek!» (Detroit, MI: Wayne State Univ. Press, 2004).

{239} Norman Lamm, «Amalek and the Seven Nations», in Schiffman and Wolowelsky, eds., War and Peace in the Jewish Tradition, 201–38.

{240} Jon D. Levenson, Esther (Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press, 1997); Michael V. Fox, Character and Ideology in the Book of Esther, 2nd ed. (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2001); Carol M. Bechtel, Esther (Louisville, KY: John Knox Press, 2002); Sidnie White Crawford and Leonard J. Greenspoon, eds., The Book of Esther in Modern Research (London: T&T Clark International, 2003).

{241} Maurice Simon, ed., «Esther», in Freedman and Simon, eds., Midrash Rabbah, vol. 9, 92ff: «Моего предка Агага…» – 96. Elaine Rose Glickman, Haman and the Jews (Northvale, NJ: Jason Aronson, 1999); Jo Carruthers, Esther Through the Centuries (Oxford: Blackwell, 2008). О чтении в синагогах – см. Eveline van Staalduine-Sulman, The Targum of Samuel (Leiden, Netherlands: Brill, 2002), 320.

{242} Эсфирь 9:16. See Horowitz, Reckless Rites .

{243} J. Rabbinowitz, ed., «Deuteronomy», in Freedman and Simon, eds., Midrash Rabbah, vol. 7, 111. Charlotte E. Fonrobert and Martin S. Jaffee, eds., The Cambridge Companion to the Talmud and Rabbinic Literature (New York: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2007).

{244} Цитата из Мехилты по Moshe Sokolow, «What Is This Bleeting of Sheep in My Ears?» in Schiffman and Wolowelsky, eds., War and Peace in the Jewish Tradition, 149; Avi Sagi, «The Punishment of Amalek in Jewish Tradition», Harvard Theological Review 87, no. 3 (1994): 323–46. О Маймониде см. Hunter, «(De) Nominating Amalek», 103; Horowitz, Reckless Rites, 129–34.

{245} Eliav Shochetman, «He Who Is Compassionate to the Cruel Will Ultimately Become Cruel to the Compassionate», на сайте http://www.acpr.org.il/ENGLISH-NATIV/06-issue/shochetman – 6.htm; A. Cohen, ed., «Ecclesiastes», in Freedman and Simon, eds., Midrash Rabbah, vol. 8, 199.

{246} Feldman, « Remember Amalek!» 77–78. О визите кайзера см. David Golinkin, «Are Jews Still Commanded to Blot Out the Memory of Amalek?» на сайте http://www.schechter.edu/insightIsrael. aspx? ID=27.

{247} О деле Эйхмана см. «Amalek», на сайте http://www.statemaster.com/encyclopedia/Amalek.

{248} «Letters of Rav Kook», на сайте http://www.orot.com/letter11.html.

{249} Henry Leroy Finch, Simone Weil and the Intellect of Grace (New York: Continuum, 1999), 106–7; см. также Michael Prior, The Bible and Colonialism (Sheffield, England: Sheffield Academic Press, 1997), 152–73.

{250} David Hirst, The Gun and the Olive Branch, 3rd ed. (New York: Nation Books, 2003).

{251} Nachman Ben-Yehuda, Theocratic Democracy (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 2010); Eric Kaufmann, Shall the Religious Inherit the Earth? (London: Profile Books, 2010).

{252} Stephen Spector, Evangelicals and Israel (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 2008).

{253} Idith Zertal and Akiva Eldar, Lords of the Land (New York: Nation Books, 2007); Nur Masalha, The Bible and Zionism (London: Zed Books, 2007), 149–54; Ami Pedahzur and Arie Perliger, Jewish Terrorism in Israel (New York: Columbia Univ. Press, 2009).

{254} Nur Masalha, «Reading the Bible with the Eyes of the Canaanites», Holy Land Studies 8 (2009): 55–108. Fred Halliday, Islam and the Myth of Confrontation (London: I. B. Tauris, 2003); Basem L. Ra’ad, Hidden Histories (London: Pluto Press, 2010).

{255} Pedahzur and Perliger, Jewish Terrorism in Israel; Masalha, «Reading the Bible with the Eyes of the Canaanites».

{256} См. http://www.memri.org/content/en/main. htm.

{257} О Бен-Гурионе см. «Ben-Gurion on the Threat from Amalek», на сайте http://jeffreygoldberg.theatlantic.com/archives/2009/05/ben_ gurion_on_amalek. php.

{258} Цитата из Соловейчика по Shochetman, «He Who Is Compassionate»; Dina Porat, «Amalek’s Accomplices», Journal of Contemporary History 27 (1992): 695–729; Gershon Greenberg, «Ultra-Orthodox Jewish Thought About the Holocaust Since World War II», in Steven T. Katz, ed., The Impact of the Holocaust on Jewish Theology (New York: New York Univ. Press, 2005), 132–60; Eran Kaplan, The Jewish Radical Right (Madison: Univ. of Wisconsin Press, 2005).

{259} Обе цитаты из Horowitz, Reckless Rites, 1–3; Moshe Greenberg, «On the Political Use of the Bible in Modern Israel», in David P. Wright, David Noel Freedman, and Avi Hurvitz, eds., Pomegranates and Golden Bells (Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 1995), 461–72.

{260} О Реймере см. Shmuly Yanklowitz, «Genocide in the Torah», на сайте http://www.myjewishlearning.com/beliefs/Issues/War_and_Peace/Combat_and_Conflict/Types_of_War/Genocide. shtml.

{261} См. Nur Masalha, The Bible and Zionism (London: Zed Books, 2007), 150.

{262} Masalha, The Bible and Zionism .

{263} Shochetman, «He Who Is Compassionate».

{264} Kobi Nahshoni, «Rabbi Eliyahu: Life of One Yeshiva Boy Worth More Than 1,000 Arabs», на сайте http://www.ynet.co.il/english/articles/0,7340, L – 3527410,00.html; Mois Navon, «Remember Amalek», на сайте http://www.aish.com/print/? contentID=48967261&section=/h/ pur/t; Израэль Розен цитируется по Nadav Shragai, «An Amalek in Our Times?» Haaretz, Mar. 26, 2008, на сайте http://www.haaretz.co.il/ hasen/spages/968452.html.

{265} Пс 17:38–39. Amos Harel, «IDF Rabbinate Publication During Gaza War: We Will Show No Mercy on the Cruel», Haaretz, Jan. 26, 2009, на сайте http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1058758.html.

{266} Horowitz, Reckless Rites; Relly Sa’ar, «Poraz ‘Repulsed’ by Cases of Jews Spitting on Christians», Haaretz, Oct. 12, 2004, на сайте http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/pages/ShArt. jhtml? itemNo=487887; John L. Allen Jr., «Jews Move to Halt Spitting at Christians in Jerusalem», National Catholic Reporter , Jan. 5, 2010, на сайте http://ncronline.org/blogs/ncr-today/jews-move-halt-spitting-christians-jerusalem.

{267} Horowitz, Reckless Rites.

{268} Norman Lamm, «Amalek and the Seven Nations».

{269} Vered Vinitzky-Seroussi, Yitzhak Rabin’s Assassination and the Dilemmas of Commemoration (Albany: SUNY Press, 2009); Ehud Sprinzak, Brother Against Brother (New York: Free Press, 1999). «Rabbi Mordechai Eliyahu», obituary, The Independent, July 16, 2010.

{270} Ben-Yehuda, «Theocratic Democracy», 279–80; Noah J. Efron, Real Jews (New York: Basic Books, 2003). «Рав Кук объяснял…» из «Pinchas: Zealotry for the Sake of Heaven», на сайте http://www.ravkooktorah.org/PINHAS58.htm.

{271} «Reform Jews Say Israel Chief Rabbi’s Sermon Advocates Their Death», July 9, 1996, цитируется на сайте http://www.catholicculture.org/news/features/index. cfm? recnum=856.

{272} Chanan «My Pink Shirt and the Haredim», Nov. 11, 2006, на сайте http://www.blogsofzion.com/index. php? s=romeima.

{273} Jeffrey Goldberg, «Protect Sharon from the Right», New York Times, Aug. 5, 2004.

{274} Yael Meyer, «Shas Rabbi Ovadia Yosef Issues Call for Destruction of Education Minister Sarid», Mar. 19, 2000, на сайте http://web.archive.org/web/20020926052905/ http://www.irac.org/article_e. asp? artid=248. Не так давно раввин Йосеф высказал мнение, что язычники существуют лишь для одной цели – чтобы служить евреям: Natasha Mozgovaya, «ADL Slams Shas Spiritual Leader For Saying Non-Jews ‘Were Born To Serve Jews’» Haaretz , October 10, 2010, на сайте http://www.haaretz.com/jewish-world/adl-slams-shas-spiritual-leader-for-saying-non-jews-were-born-to-serve-jews-1.320235.

{275} Jeffrey Goldberg, «The Point of No Return», Atlantic , September 2010.

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{276} Цитируется по Carlin Romano, «Are Sacred Texts Sacred?» Chronicle of Higher Education, Sept. 21, 2007. О роли Писания в развитии «мизотеизма» см. Bernard Schweizer, Hating God (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 2010).

{277} Martin Buber, Meetings, 3rd ed. (London: Routledge, 2002), 62–64.

{278} Yuri Stoyanov, The Other God (New Haven, CT: Yale Univ. Press, 2000).

{279} Antti Marjanen and Petri Luomanen, eds., A Companion to Second-Century Christian ‘Heretics’ (Leiden, Netherlands: Brill, 2005); Karen L. King, What Is Gnosticism? (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard Univ. Press, 2005).

{280} Джордж Лукас объяснил, что имя Darth Vader должно напоминать о выражении «темный отец», вероятно, если использовать голландский, однако на самом деле такой перевод неверен. Bentley Layton, The Gnostic Scriptures (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1987); James M. Robinson, The Nag Hammadi Library in English, 4th rev. ed. (Leiden, Netherlands: Brill, 1996); Gerard P. Luttikhuizen, Gnostic Revisions of Genesis Stories and Early Jesus Traditions (Leiden, Netherlands: Brill, 2006); Birger A. Pearson, Ancient Gnosticism (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2007).

{281} Сатурнин цитируется по Irenaeus, «Against Heresies», chap. xxiv, на сайте http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/anf01.ix.ii.xxv.html.

{282} Кердон цитируется по Philip R. Amidon, ed., The Panarion of St. Epiphanius, Bishop of Salamis (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1990), 143; 133 о каинитах. См. также Alexander Roberts and James Donaldson, eds., The Apostolic Fathers: Justin Martyr, Irenaeus, in Ante-Nicene Fathers (New York: Scribner, 1926), vol. 1, 352; 358 о каинитах. Frank Williams, trans., The Panarion of Epiphanius of Salamis, 2 vols. (Leiden, Netherlands: Brill, 1987–1994), vol. 1, 241–48 (офиты), 248–54 (каиниты), and 255–62 (сифиты).