Джеймс Голдгейер - Цель и средства. Политика США в отношении России после «холодной войны»
695
Cited in David Marcus. U.S. Halts Harvard Contracts in Russia // Boston Globe. — May 21, 1997. — P. A1.
696
Выдержки из письма Чубайса администратору AMP Брайану Атвуду от 19 мая 1997 года см. в: Reddaway P. Beware the Russian Reformer: While the U.S. Depends on Chubais, Accusations Fly in Moscow // Washington Post. — August 24, 1997. — P. C1.
697
Interview with Brian Atwood.
698
Interview with David Lipton.
699
Interview with Lipton.
700
Lopez-Claros. The Role of International Financial Institutions during the transition in Russia. — P. 18; Blustein. The Chastening. — P. 243; and Stone. Lending Credibility.
701
Interview with Boris Fyodorov.
702
Stiglitz J. Globalization and Its Discontents. — Norton and Company, 2002. — P. 149.
703
Относительно ограниченных возможностей Фонда в тот период см.: Blustein P. IMF Battens Down for More 111 Wind: Fund Keeps Weather Eye on Risk Spots // Washington Post. — July 29, 1998. — P. A16; Senator Faircloth L. Unwise Bailouts: The Clinton administration has effectively privatized the lenders' profits and socialized their losses // Washington Post. — December 12, 1997. — P. A29; and Shultz G., Simon W. and Riston W. Who Needs IMF // Wall Street Journal. — February 3, 1998. — P. A22.
704
Interview with Stephen Sestanovich.
705
Interview with Medish.
706
Interviews with Sestanovich and Fuerth, Madeleine Albright, Medish and others.
707
Interview with Fuerth.
708
Interview with Albright.
709
Freeland. Sale of the Century. — P. 304. See also: Russia's Challenge in the 1990s: An Interview with Martin Gilman of the IMF.
710
General Accounting Office «International Monetary Fund: Approach Used to Establish and Monitor Conditions for Financial Assistance». GAO-GGD- NSIAD-99-168 (Letter report [June 1999]).
711
Gordon M. Russia Resists IMF's Strategy for Reducing Budget Deficit // New York Times. — May 15, 1998. — P. 3.
712
World Bank/IMF Agenda. World Bank Transition Newsletter. — December 1997 (www.worldbank.org/html/prddr/trans/dec97/pgs29-31.htm [July 2003]); and Frye Т. Brokers and Bureaucrats: Building Market Institutions in Russia. -University of Michigan Press, 2000. — P. 200; Фрай цитирует: Jacobs M. Russian Banks: Sailing Ahead or Sinking Fast // Research report. — Moscow: United Financial Group, August 1998. — P. 1-71.
713
Caryl Ch. Crisis? What Crisis? // U.S. News and World Report. — June 22, 1998. — P. 44.
714
Aslund A. Russia's Financial Crisis: Causes and Probable Remedies // Post-Soviet Geography and Economics. — Vol. 39 (June 1998). — P. 309-328.
715
Freeland. Sale of the Century. — P. 307.
716
Public Papers of the President: William Jefferson Clinton. — 1998. — Vol. 1 (GPO, 1998). — P. 853. См. также положительную трактовку, которую официальные лица российского и американского правительств дали заявлению Клинтона: Fidler St. Russian Financial Turmoil Poses Dilemmas for IMF // Financial Times. — June 1, 1998. — P. 3.
717
Freeland. Sale of the Century. — P. 307.
718
Brzezinski M. IMF Doubts Whether It Can Afford Russian Aid // Wall Street Journal. — June 22, 1998. — P. A17.
719
Nikitin M. Bank of Finland: Russian and Baltic Economies, the Week in Review. — June 26, 1998; Thornhill J. IMF and Russia in a New Loan Accord // Financial Times. — July 8, 1998. — P. 2; Pine A. IMF, Russia Open Talks on Large Loan // Los Angeles Times. — June 27, 1998. — P. 3; Finance and Economics: To the Rescue // Economist. — July 18, 1998. — P. 65-66.
720
Blustein, The Chastening. — P. 254.
721
Talbott S. The Russia Hand: A Memoir of Presidential Diplomacy (Random House, 2001). — P. 275.
722
Interview with James Steinberg.
723
Interview with Medish and Lipton.
724
IMF Sets $22,6 Billion Loan Accord with Russia — Aid Plan Depends on Nation's Ability to Deliver reforms // Wall Street Journal. — July 14, 1998. — P. A12; Wessel D. and Robbins С in D.C. with Mark Whitehouse in Moscow, Russia Vows Reforms // Wall Street Journal. — July 22, 1998. — P. A10.
725
Brzezinski M. Yeltsin Sets Tax to Meet IMF Pledge // Wall Street Journal. — July 20, 1998. — P. A15; Kranz P. And Now, the Plan: Can Yeltsin Meet IMF Terms While Curbing the Backlash? // Business Week. — July 27, 1998. — P. 43; O'Brien K. Easy Money: A Special Report.
726
Fisher S. Press Briefing on Russia. — July 13, 1998, Washington (www.imf.org/external/np/tr/1998/tr980713.htm [July 2003]).
727
Both are quoted in Wessel and Robbins with Whitehouse, Russia Vows Reform after IMF Cuts Funds. — P. A10.
728
Finance and Economics: To the Rescue // Economist. — July 18, 1998. — P. 65-66.
729
Camdessus Sees Improvement in Russian Finances // Agence France-Presse. — July 13, 1998.
730
Высказывание Рубина цитируется по: Rubin Warns about Delay of IMF Funds for Russia // Wall Street Journal. — July 29, 1998. — P. A4. В тот же день Фишер высказался в столь же позитивном плане. See: Blustein. IMF Battens Down for More 111 Wind. — P. A16.
731
Russia Can Expect 2 Portions of IMF Credit in September // Interfax. — August 7, 1998.
732
Russian Financial Crisis: Confidential Interim Assessment. — No 1 // Institute for EastWest Studies (iews.org). — August 20, 1998.
733
Freeland. Sale of the Century. — P. 312.
734
Interview with Lipton.
735
Soros G. Letter to the Editor. Soros Sees G7 — Backed $50bn Currency Board for Russia as Only Way out of Crisis // Financial Times. — August 13, 1998. — P. 18.
736
Freeland. Sale of the Century. — P. 323.
737
Lawrence H. Summers, testimony before the House International relations Committee on Russia, September 17, 1998, 105 Cong. 2 sess. (www.treas.gov/ press/releases/rr2686.htm [July 2003]); Hoffman, The Oligarchs. — P. 493.
738
IMF News Brief 98/30. — Washington, August 17, 1998 (www.imf.org/ external/np/sec/nb/1998/nb9830.htm [July 2003]); and interview with Lipton.
739
IMF News Brief 98/30.
740
Interviews with James Chavin and Elstein.
741
Sanger D. U.S. Official Questions How Russia Used Loan // New York Times. — March 19, 1999. — P. A8.
742
Elstein, as quoted in: Thornhill J. Communists Attack Yeltsin and Foreign Investors: Zyuganov Demands President's resignation over Monetary Policy U-turn // Financial Times. — August 15, 1999. См. также: Константинов и Ильинский. Финансовый кризис: причины и преодоление; Kahn and O'Brien. Easy Money. — P. 1; Matlock G. Russian Worries Overwhelm Stock Market // Wall Street Journal Europe. — August 28-29, 1998. — P. 13.
743
Lippman T. Turmoil, Drift in Russia Prompt U.S. Policy Shift; Flexibility Recognition of Limits Mark New Approach // Washington Post. — November 1, 1998. — P. A27.
744
Illarionov A. The Roots of the Economic Crisis. — P. 68-69. Выделено в оригинале.
745
20 наиболее влиятельных политиков России в январе // Независимая газета. — 1999. — 30 января.
746
Whitehouse M. Politics Silence Russian Markets: Yeltsin's Leadership Might Face End // Wall Street Journal. — August 28-29, 1998. — P. 7.
747
Democratic Choice Warns of Threat of Dictatorship // Itar-Tass. — January 30, 1999; Hanson S. and Kopstein J. The Weimar/Russia Comparison // Post- Soviet Affairs. — Vol. 13 (July-September 1997). — P. 252-283; Stenfield S. The Weimar/Russia Comparison: Reflections on Hanson and Kopstein // in Post- Soviet Affairs. — Vol. 14. — October-December 1998. — P. 355-368.
748
Powell B. and Albats E. Summer of Discontent // Newsweek (international edition). — January 19, 1999. — P. 28.
749
Primakov's 'Non-Aggression' Initiative Gets Mixed Reviews. Monitor — A Daily Briefing on the Post-Soviet States. — January 27, 1999 (Washington: Jamestown Foundation).
750
Наиболее глубокий и целостный план реформ можно найти в: Шейнис В. Конституция и жизнь // Независимая газета. — 1999. — 27 января.
751
Bush K. The Russian Economy in June 1999 (Washington: Center for Strategic and International Studies, June 1999). — P. 5; Thornhill J. Primakov Defies IMF Advice // Financial Times. — September 17, 1998; and Thornhill J. Luzhkov Lays Blame on IMF for Woes // Financial Times. — September 24, 1998. — P. 2.
752
См. подробные воспоминания Примакова о переговорах с МВФ в: Восемь месяцев плюс. — М.: Мысль, 2001. — С. 109-129.
753
Тэлботт об эффекте дела Левински и последовавшем процессе импичмента см.: The Russia Hand. — P. 276.
754
Kramer D. It May Be a Summit of Embarrassment // Boston Globe. — August 30, 1998. — P. E2.
755
Talbott, The Russia Hand. — P. 281; President Clinton Announces Summit Meeting with Russian Federation President Boris Yeltsin. White House, Office of the Press Secretary. — July 6, 1998.
756
Interview with Medish, also confirmed by other interviews.
757
См.: Baker P. The Breach: Inside the Impeachment Trial of William Jefferson Clinton (Scribner, 2000). — P. 59.
758
Lloyd J. Who Lost Russia? The Devolution of Russia // New York Times Magazine. — August 15, 1999. — P. 34-41, 52, 61, 64.
759
Подробности скандала с «Бэнк оф Нью-Йорк» см.: (www.russianlaw.org/ bonynews.htm [July 2003]).
760
Belton С. Was the July'98 Aid Diverted? // Moscow Times. — July 27, 2000.
