Филипп Дженкинс - Войны за Бога. Насилие в Библии

{45}О каннибализме см. 4 Цар 6:24–33. John Day, Molech (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1989); Klaas Spronk, «The Daughter of Jephthah», in Jonneke Bekkenkamp and Yvonne Sherwood, eds., Sanctified Aggression (London: T&T Clark, 2003), 10–21.

{46}Jonathan Kirsch, The Harlot by the Side of the Road (New York: Ballantine Books, 1997).

{47}Moshe Weinfeld, The Promise of the Land (Berkeley: Univ. of California Press, 1993); Tremper Longman III and Daniel G. Reid, God Is a Warrior (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1995).

{48}Thomas B. Dozeman, God at War (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1996).

{49}Числ 31:17–18. Dennis T. Olson, Numbers (Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press, 1996).

{50}Исх 17:14, 16. Terence E. Fretheim, Exodus (Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press, 1991); Scott M. Langston, Exodus Through the Centuries (Oxford: Blackwell, 2006); Eric A. Seibert, Disturbing Divine Behavior (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2009), 169–82.

{51}Втор 2:33–34. О царе Сигоне см. Baruch A. Levine, Numbers 21–36 (New York: Doubleday, 2000).

{52}Walter Brueggemann, Divine Presence amid Violence (Eugene, OR: Cascade, 2009).

{53}Втор 20:16–17 (курсив мой).

{54}Как, напр., во Втор 20:16–17.

{55}Gerd Ludemann, The Unholy in Holy Scripture (Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press, 1997) 36–54; John J. Collins, Does the Bible Justify Violence? (Minneapolis: Augsburg Fortress, 2004).

{56}Gerhard von Rad, Holy War in Ancient Israel (Eugene, OR: Wipf & Stock, 2000 [1958]); Millard Lind, Yahweh Is a Warrior (Scottdale, PA: Herald Press, 1980); Philip D. Stern, The Biblical Herem (Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1991); Peter C. Craigie, The Problem of War in the Old Testament (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1978); Richard S. Hess, «War in the Hebrew Bible», in Richard S. Hess and Elmer A. Martens, eds., War in the Bible and Terrorism in the Twenty-First Century (Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2008), 19–32.

{57}Louis H. Feldman, «Remember Amalek!» (Detroit, MI: Wayne State Univ. Press, 2004); Steven L. Jacobs, ed., Confronting Genocide (Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2009).

{58}Ис Нав. 7–8. О Книге Иисуса Навина см. Gordon Mitchell, Together in the Land (Sheffield, England: JSOT, 1993); A. Graeme Auld, «Joshua», in John H. Hayes, ed., Hebrew Bible (Nashville, TN: Abingdon, 2004), 71–81. Среди важнейших комментариев к Иисусу Навину следует отметить следующие: J. Maxwell Miller and Gene M. Tucker, eds., The Book of Joshua (New York: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1974); Marten H. Woudstra, The Book of Joshua (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1981); Robert G. Boling, Joshua (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1982); Richard S. Hess, Joshua (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1996); Richard D. Nelson, Joshua (Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press, 1997); J. Gordon McConville and Stephen N. Williams, Joshua (Grand Rapids, Mich.: W. B. Eerdmans, 2010).

{59}Относительно Маккеды и Ливны – Ис Нав 10:28–29; прочее – Ис Нав 10:40. L. Daniel Hawk, «Conquest Reconfigured», in Brad E. Kelle and Frank Ritchel Ames, eds., Writing and Reading War (Leiden, Netherlands: Brill, 2008), 145–60.

{60}Ис Нав 24:13.

{61}См., однако, John Lowden, The Octateuchs (University Park: Pennsylvania State Univ. Press, 1992).

{62}Ис Нав 2:9.

{63}Seibert, Disturbing Divine Behavior, 158–59; Andre Lemaire, «The Mesha Stele and the Omry Dynasty», in Lester L. Grabbe, ed., Ahab Agonistes (London: T&T Clark, 2007); Thomas L. Thompson, «Mesha and Questions of Historicity», Scandinavian Journal of the Old Testament 21, no. 2 (2007): 241–60.

{64}Сравнительный анализ практики ведения войн в древнем мире – см. особенно Lori L. Rowlett, Joshua and the Rhetoric of Violence (Sheffield, England: Sheffield Academic Press, 1996); Feldman, « Remember Amalek!». Об ассирийцах см. Steven W. Holloway, Aљљur Is King! Aљљur Is King! (Leiden, Netherlands: Brill, 2002). Michael G. Hasel, Military Practice and Polemic (Berrien Springs, MI: Andrews Univ. Press, 2005); C. L. Crouch, War and Ethics in the Ancient Near East (New York: Walter de Gruyter, 2009).

{65}Илиада 6.55–60.

{66}Robert Ferguson , The Hammer and the Cross (London: Allen Lane, 2009).

{67} The Histories of Polybius (Loeb edition) 10.15, на сайте http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Polybius/10*.html; J. E. Lendon, Soldiers and Ghosts (New Haven, CT: Yale Univ. Press, 2005).

{68}О Митридате см. Adrienne Mayor, The Poison King (Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press, 2009).

{69}Lawrence H. Keeley, War Before Civilization (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1996); Steven LeBlanc and Katherine E. Register, Constant Battles (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2003); Elizabeth N. Arkush and Mark W. Allen, eds., The Archaeology of Warfare (Gainesville: Univ. Press of Florida, 2006).

{70}Песнь Деворы – см. Суд 5:30. Oded Lipschits and Joseph Blenkinsopp, eds., Judah and the Judeans in the Neo-Babylonian Period (Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2003).

{71}J. Carter Johnson, «Deliver Us from Kony», Christianity Today, Jan. 2006, на сайте http://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2006/january/18.30.html; Matthew Green, The Wizard of the Nile (London: Portobello Books, 2008).

{72}John Hagan and Wenona Rymond-Richmond, Darfur and the Crime of Genocide (New York: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2009).

{73}О гаваонитах см. Ис Нав; список покоренных этнических групп – см. Суд 1:27–36. Marc Zvi Brettler, The Book of Judges (New York: Routledge, 2002); Carolyn Pressler, Joshua, Judges, and Ruth (Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press, 2002); Victor H. Matthews, Judges and Ruth (New York: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2004); Susan Niditch, Judges (Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press, 2008). О других библейских текстах, оправдывающих рабовладение, см. Stephen R. Haynes, Noah’s Curse (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 2002).

{74}Суд 3:1–2.

{75}Быт 15:16.

{76}О Сихоне – Втор 2:30; «Господь побудил…» – Ис Нав 11:20.

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{77}Robert G. Boling, Joshua (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1982); Earl Kalland, Donald H. Madvig, Herbert M. Wolf, and F. B. Huey, Deuteronomy, Joshua, Judges, Ruth, 1 and 2 Samuel, vol. 3 in The Expositor’s Bible Commentary (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1992); Michael N. van der Meer, Formation and Reformulation (Leiden, Netherlands: Brill, 2004); внимательный и широкомасштабный взгляд на Книгу Иисуса Навина – см. Walter Brueggemann, Divine Presence amid Violence (Eugene, OR: Cascade Books, 2009); Jeremy M. Hutton, The Transjordanian Palimpsest (Berlin, Germany: Walter de Gruyter, 2009).

{78}Alan J. Hauser and Duane F. Watson, eds., A History of Biblical Interpretation, vol. 1 (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2003).

{79}John H. Hayes, ed., Hebrew Bible (Nashville, TN: Abingdon, 2004).

{80}Thomas B. Dozeman and Konrad Schmid, eds., A Farewell to the Yahwist? (Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, 2006); Richard Elliott Friedman, Who Wrote the Bible? (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1987); Richard Elliott Friedman, The Hidden Book in the Bible (San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1998).

{81}Обретение Книги Закона описано в 4 Царств 22–23. О возникновении и контексте Второзакония см. особенно Moshe Weinfeld, Deuteronomy 1–11 (New York: Doubleday, 1991). Compare Patrick D. Miller, Deuteronomy (Louisville, KY: John Knox Press, 1991); Walter Brueggemann, Deuteronomy (Nashville, TN: Abingdon Press, 2001); S. D. McBride, «Deuteronomy», in Hayes, ed., Hebrew Bible, 39–70.

{82}Linda S. Schearing and Steven L. McKenzie, eds., Those Elusive Deuteronomists (Sheffield, England: Sheffield Academic Press, 1999); Antony F. Campbell and Mark A. O’Brien, Unfolding the Deuteronomistic History (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2000); Thomas Romer, ed., The Future of the Deuteronomistic History (Leuven, Belgium: Leuven Univ. Press, 2000); Albert de Pury, Thomas Romer, and Jean-Daniel Macchi, eds., Israel Constructs Its History (Sheffield, England: Sheffield Academic Press, 2000); Gary N. Knoppers and J. Gordon McConville, eds., Reconsidering Israel and Judah (Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2000); Jeffrey C. Geoghegan, The Time, Place, and Purpose of the Deuteronomistic History (Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, 2006); Thomas C. Romer, The So-Called Deuteronomistic History (London: T&T Clark 2006).

{83}Volkmar Fritz and Philip R. Davies, eds., The Origins of the Ancient Israelite States (Sheffield, England: Sheffield Academic Press, 1996); Keith W. Whitelam, The Invention of Ancient Israel (London: Routledge, 1996); Niels Peter Lemche, The Israelites in History and Tradition (London: SPCK, 1998); Philip R. Davies, Scribes and Schools (Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press, 1998); Thomas L. Thompson, Early History of the Israelite People (Leiden, Netherlands: Brill, 2000).

{84}Thomas Woolston, quoted in David M. Gunn, Judges Through the Centuries (Oxford, England: Wiley-Blackwell, 2005), 20. Указание на то, что после описанного геноцида многие народы сохранились, см. в 3 Царств 9:20–22. О ранней исторической критике этих повествований см. John William Colenso, The Pentateuch and Book of Joshua Critically Examined, 7 vols. (London: Longmans, Green, 1862–1879). Marc Zvi Brettler, The Book of Judges (New York: Routledge, 2002); Carolyn Pressler, Joshua, Judges, and Ruth (Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press, 2002); Victor H. Matthews, Judges and Ruth (New York: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2004); Susan Niditch, Judges (Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press, 2008).

{85}Eric A. Seibert, Disturbing Divine Behavior (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2009), 99–108.

{86}Neil Asher Silberman and David Small, eds., The Archaeology of Israel (Sheffield, England: Sheffield Academic Press, 1997); Robert D. Miller II, Chieftains of the Highland Clans (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2005).

{87}Steven A. Leblanc, Prehistoric Warfare in the American Southwest (Salt Lake City: Univ. of Utah Press, 1999); Christy G. Turner and Jacqueline A. Turner, Man Corn (Salt Lake City: Univ. of Utah Press, 1999); Glen E. Rice and Steven A. LeBlanc, eds., Deadly Landscapes (Salt Lake City: Univ. of Utah Press, 2001).

{88}William G. Dever, Who Were the Early Israelites, and Where Did They Come From? (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2003), 29–74.

{89}Цитата из Dever, Who Were the Early Israelites? 71, курсив оригинала; William G. Dever, What Did the Biblical Writers Know, and When Did They Know It? (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2001).

{90}Amy Dockser Marcus, The View from Nebo (Boston, MA: Little Brown, 2000); Seymour Gitin, J. Edward Wright, and J. P. Dessel, eds., Confronting the Past (Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2006).

{91}Robert Drews, The End of the Bronze Age (Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press, 1993); Lester L. Grabbe, ed., Israel in Transition, vol. 1 (New York: T&T Clark, 2008).

{92}Eliezer D. Oren, ed., The Sea Peoples and Their World (Philadelphia: University Museum, Univ. of Pennsylvania, 2000); Oliver Dickinson, The Aegean from Bronze Age to Iron Age (New York: Routledge, 2006); Marc Van De Mieroop, The Eastern Mediterranean in the Age of Ramesses II (Oxford: Blackwell, 2007); Assaf Yasur-Landau, The Philistines and Aegean Migration at the End of the Late Bronze Age (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2010).

{93}Baruch Halpern, The Emergence of Israel in Canaan (Chico, Calif.: Scholars Press, 1983); Israel Finkelstein, The Archaeology of the Israelite Settlement (Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society, 1988); Jonathan N. Tubb, Canaanites (London: British Museum Press, 1998); Israel Finkelstein and Neil Asher Silberman, The Bible Unearthed (New York: Free Press, 2001); K. L. Noll, Canaan and Israel in Antiquity (New York: Sheffield Academic Press, 2001); Jonathan M. Golden, Ancient Canaan and Israel (Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC–Clio, 2004); Israel Finkelstein and Amihai Mazar, The Quest for the Historical Israel, ed. Brian B. Schmidt (Leiden, Netherlands: Brill, 2007); Richard S. Hess, Gerald A. Klingbeil, and Paul J. Ray Jr., eds., Critical Issues in Early Israelite History (Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2008).

{94}Цитата из Dever, Who Were the Early Israelites? 182; Ann E. Killebrew, Biblical Peoples and Ethnicity (Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, 2005). Теория, согласно которой Израиль возник в результате масштабного восстания рабов в Египте, – см. Norman K. Gottwald, The Tribes of Yahweh (Sheffield, England: Sheffield Academic Press, 1999, 20th anniversary edition); Avi Faust, Israel’s Ethnogenesis (Oakville, CT: Equinox, 2006).