Владимир Сидорович - Мировая энергетическая революция. Как возобновляемые источники энергии изменят наш мир

14

Renewables 2014 Global Status Report, p. 14.

15

Wind in Power, 2014 European Statistics, February 2015, The European Wind Energy Association, p. 6.

16

http://www.greentechlead.com/news/renewable-energy-outperforms-natural-gas-u-s-2014–21395

17

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421514003747

18

G8+5 Academies’ joint statement: Climate change and the transformation of energy technologies for a low carbon future.

19

Climate Change 2014 Synthesis Report. http://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/syr/

20

http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/2015-begins-with-co2-above-400-ppm-mark/

21

Redrawing the Energy-Climate Map, Executive Summary, World Energy Outlook Special Report, IEA 2013, p. 1.

22

http://sedac.ipcc-data.org/ddc/ar5_scenario_process/RCPs.html

23

http://www.iea.org/publications/scenariosandprojections/

24

http://350.org/about/science/

25

Рифкин Д. Третья промышленная революция. Как горизонтальные взаимодействия меняют экономику, энергетику и мир в целом. – М.: Альпина нон-фикшн, 2014. – С. 28.

26

Kepler Cheuvreux, ESG Sustainability Research, Stranded assets, fossilised revenues, 24 April 2014.

27

http://www.economist.com/news/briefing/21587782-europes-electricity-providers-face-existential-threat-how-lose-half-trillion-euros

28

http://www.pv-tech.org/news/are_utilities_facing_a_perfect_storm_from_disruptive_renewables

29

http://reneweconomy.com.au/2013/darwin-69517

30

2015 Energy Tomorrow, p. 17, www.api.org

31

http://www.fool.com/investing/general/2015/01/17/1-big-oil-company-that-sees-a-future-in-renewable.aspx

32

http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015–04–01/china-s-fuel-demand-to-peak-sooner-than-oil-giants-expect

33

Вестник АН СССР. 1976. № 1. С. 34–43. Цит. по: http://vivovoco.astronet.ru/VV/PAPERS/KAPITZA/KAP_10.HTM

34

Renewables 2014 Global Status Report, p. 101.

35

Ibid., p. 15.

36

IRENA (2015), Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2014, p. 75.

37

Renewables 2014 Global Status Report, p. 48.

38

Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Photovoltaics Report, Freiburg, 24 October 2014, p. 5, www.ise.fraunhofer.de

39

Technology Roadmap. Solar Thermal Electricity, 2014 Edition, IEA, p. 5.

40

Ibid., p. 18.

41

http://energy-fresh.ru/solarenergy/tendencii/?id=3558

42

http://s01.static-shell.com/content/dam/shell-new/local/corporate/corporate/downloads/pdf/NewLensScenario/nls-web-russian-brochure.pdf, с. 67.

43

http://inventors.about.com/od/sstartinventions/a/solar_cell.htm

44

http://investor.firstsolar.com/releasedetail.cfm?releaseid=864426

45

http://investor.firstsolar.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=833971

46

Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Photovoltaics Report, Freiburg, 24 October 2014, p. 6, www.ise.fraunhofer.de

47

https://energy.stanford.edu/news/perovskites-provide-big-boost-silicon-solar-cells-stanford-study-finds

48

Technology Roadmap. Solar Photovoltaic Energy, 2014 Edition, IEA, p. 12.

49

http://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/press-and-media/press-releases/presseinformationen-2013/world-record-solar-cell-with-44.7-efficiency

50

Technology Roadmap. Solar Photovoltaic Energy, 2014 Edition, IEA, p. 30.

51

Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Photovoltaics Report, Freiburg, 24 October 2014, p. 7, www.ise.fraunhofer.de

52

http://www.forbes.com/sites/greatspeculations/2014/10/21/trends-in-silver-demand-by-the-solar-photovoltaic-industry/

53

http://www.caseyresearch.com/articles/a-photovoltaic-silver-bull-in-china

54

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0927024813004455

55

Technology Roadmap. Solar Photovoltaic Energy, 2014 Edition, IEA, p. 18.

56

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0927024813004455

57

http://info.cat.org.uk/questions/pv/what-environmental-impact-photovoltaic-pv-solar-panels

58

Fthenakis, V. and Alsema, E. (2006), Photovoltaics energy payback times, greenhouse gas emissions and external costs: 2004 – early 2005 status. Prog. Photovolt: Res. Appl., 14: 275–280.

59

https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/sites/default/files/medien/378/publikationen/hgp_umweltkosten.pdf

60

Fraunhofer ISE, Aktuelle Fakten zur Photovoltaik in Deutschland, 16.10.2014, S. 5.

61

http://reneweconomy.com.au/2013/solar-milestone-1000000-pv-systems-installed-in-australia-44201

62

Renewables 2014 Global Status Report, p. 47.

63

http://www.pv-magazine.com/news/details/beitrag/china-unveils-15-gw-solar-target_100018005/#axzz3QOkpZa5r

64

Житомирский С. В. Архимед: Пособие для учащихся. – М.: Просвещение, 1981. – С. 38.

65

IRENA (2015), Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2014, p. 99.

66

http://www.smartplanet.com/blog/intelligent-energy/google-cans-solar-energy-project/

67

IRENA (2015), Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2014, p. 99.

68

http://www.lazard.com/insights. Lazard’s Levelized Cost of Energy Analysis – Version 8.0, p. 2.

69

Technology Roadmap. Solar Thermal Electricity, 2014 Edition, IEA, p. 5.

70

http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2009/may/26/solarpower-renewableenergy

71

Technology Roadmap. Solar Thermal Electricity, 2014 Edition, IEA, p. 23.

72

Renewables 2014 Global Status Report, p. 63.

73

http://landartgenerator.org/blagi/archives/127

74

The World Wind Energy Association (2014), 2014 Half-year Report, WWEA. p. 1–8.

75

http://cleantechnica.com/2015/02/10/global-wind-industry-grows-44–2014/

76

http://www.ewea.org/wind-energy-basics/facts/

77

Renewables 2014 Global Status Report, p. 16.

78

http://www.dw.de/wind-power-fuels-transition-to-renewable-energy/a-18224739

79

http://www.dw.de/wind-power-fuels-transition-to-renewable-energy/a-18224739

80

Renewables 2014 Global Status Report, p. 63.

81

http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2015/01/07/3608898/denmark-sets-world-record-for-wind-power/

82

Renewables 2014 Global Status Report, p. 58.

83

http://thecontributor.com/environment/how-wind-met-all-denmark%E2%80%99s-electricity-needs-90-hours

84

http://www.earth-policy.org/press_room/C68/wind_power_fact_sheet

85

http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/feb/17/worlds-biggest-offshore-windfarm-approved-for-yorkshire-coast

86

http://www.ewea.org/wind-energy-basics/facts/

87

Учитываются затраты, связанные с производством, транспортировкой, установкой и последующей утилизацией. Опубликованное в 2014 г. подробное исследование двух действующих ветряных турбин на западе США показало результат 5,2 и 6,4 месяца, см.: http://www.ourenergypolicy.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/turbines.pdf

88

http://awwi.org/resources/summary-of-wind-wildlife-interactions-2/#section-summary-of-windwildlife-interactions

89

Offshore wind in Europe / Walking the tightrope to success, EY, March 2015, p. 9.

90

Global potential for wind-generated electricity http://www.pnas.org/content/106/27/10933.abstract

91

См.: Reinventing Fire. Chelsea Green Publishing, p. 199.

92

Renewables 2014 Global Status Report, p. 56.

93

http://www.dw.de/globaler-trend-hin-zu-erneuerbarer-energie/a-16519172

94

http://www.nature.com/nclimate/journal/v4/n8/fig_tab/nclimate2269_T1.html

95

http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2015/03/12/obama-wind-power-report-energy-department/70160824/

96

Renewables 2014 Global Status Report, p. 32.

97

Ibid., p. 18.

98

Medium-term renewable energy market report 2014, Executive summary, IEA, p. 13.

99

Wood Markets Monthly International Report, Volume 16, Number 10, December 2011-January 2012

100

Renewables 2014 Global Status Report, p. 33.

101

Pellet market overview report Europe. WIP renewable energies, p. 9.

102

Renewables 2014 Global Status Report, p. 33.

103

http://www.stat.fi/til/ehk/2013/ehk_2013_2014–12–10_tie_001_en.html

104

http://cleantechies.com/2013/11/05/more-and-more-french-households-burn-wood-for-heating/

105

http://www.sdw.de/waldwissen/wald-in-deutschland/waldanteil/

106

http://bioenergycrops.com/blog/2014/11/06/biomass-largest-plant-projected-belgium-215mw/

107

Renewables 2014 Global Status Report, p. 107.

108

http://www.iinas.org/gemis.html

109

http://www.depi.de/media/filebase/files/infothek/images/DEPI_Emissionsbilanz_von_Brennstoffen.jpg

110

Biogas Barometer, Eurobserv’er, November 2014, p. 7.

111

http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/blog/post/2014/11/biogas-at-home-a-renewable-no-brainer?cmpid=rss

112

http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/blog/post/2014/11/biogas-at-home-a-renewable-no-brainer?cmpid=rss