Денис Шевчук - Английский язык: самоучитель

6. Кто был королем в том веке?

………………………………………………………………………………

7. Наш перелет не был комфортабельным.

………………………………………………………………………………

8. Дети не были уставшими после футбольного матча.

………………………………………………………………………………

2. Answer the questions.

Ответьте на вопросы.

1. Where were you last Monday?

2. Where were your children yesterday?

3. Who was at home yesterday evening?

4. Was your last flight comfortable?

5. Was the soccer match interesting?

6. When was your last holiday?

7. Was the weather cold or hot last week?

8. Was your flat furnished two years ago?

9. Were you interested in natural environment last year?

10. Was your wife keen on sport three years ago?

3. Complete the sentences.

Дополните предложения, используя was или were.

1. ………… you at school yesterday?

No, ………… ……… at work.

2. ……… your father at work yesterday?

Yes, he ………….

3. ………… your children at school yesterday?

No, they ……… They ………… at home.

4. ………… David at work yesterday?

No, he ……… He ………… at home.

5. ………… Natalie and Kevin at work yesterday?

No, they …………. They ……… out.

6. ………… your friend at at work.

The Past Simple (Indefinite) Tense

Прошедшее неопределенное время

В английском языке прошедшее действие может передаваться временем Past Simple (Indefinite), которое используется со следующими указателями времени:

Yesterday – вчера;

Last week – на прошлой неделе;

Last month – в прошлом месяце;

Last year – в прошлом году;

Two years ago – два года назад;

In 1995 – в 1995, и т. д.

Для построения высказывания необходимо поставить в прошедшее время глагол. Все глаголы английского языка делятся на правильные и неправильные.

Правильные глаголы образуют формы прошедшего времени по правилу:

Глагол+окончание ed.

Например, to play-played, to look-looked.

Произношение и правописание:

Окончание ed произносится как [d] после гласного или звонкого согласного: stayed, listened. После глухого согласного, шипящего или свистящего оно произносится [t]: kissed, cooked. После t и d – как [id]: to found (основывать) – founded.

Если глагол заканчивается на y с предшествующей согласной – она меняется на i и добавляется окончание ed: to copy-copied.

Если глагол заканчивается на согласную с предшествующей краткой гласной – конечная согласная удваивается (чтобы сохранить при произношении звучание закрытого слога) и добавляется окончание ed: to stop – stopped [stopt].

Если глагол заканчивается на немую e, то окончание будет просто d: to use-used

Неправильные глаголы образуют формы прошедшего времени по историческому принципу. Их необходимо запомнить как наиболее употребляемые. Мы приведем для запоминания в этом уроке десять основных:

To be – was/were (см. Focus on Grammar, Language focus 1)

To begin-began

To build-built

To come-came

To do-did

To go-went

To have-had

To read-read [red]

To see-saw

To take-took

Например: He goes to work every day. But last week he went to work only on Monday.

Общие вопросы в прошедшем неопределенном времени задаются с помощью вспомогательного глагола did (кроме глагола to be, который сам себе вспомогательный глагол в прошедшем времени – was/were), который съедает окончание прошедшего времени у глагола (ed) или форму прошедшего времени (у неправильных глаголов).

Например:

Правильные глаголы

He played tennis last Tuesday.

Did he play tennis last Tuesday?

He didn't play tennis last Tuesday.

Неправильные глаголы

We saw him yesterday.

Did we see him yesterday?

We didn't see him yesterday.

Формула специальных вопросов: When did he come home yesterday? (вопросительное слово+did+подлежащее+глагол +наречие времени).

Но вопрос к подлежащему: Who came home yesterday? (вспомогательный глагол не выносится)

4. Form the past simple of the regular verbs. Read them aloud.

Образуйте форму прошедшего неопределенного времени у следующих правильных глаголов. Прочтите эти формы вслух.

Например: To play – played

To dance -

To carry -

To help -

To live -

To open -

To rent -

To move -

To listen -

To use -

To relax -

To cook -

To paint -

To type -

To wait -

To prepare -

To organize -

To add -

To work -

To watch -

To improve —

5. Change the sentences in the Present Simple Tense into the Past Simple Tense. Use the following adverbs.

Поставьте предложения в прошедшее время. Используйте следующие наречия времени:

Yesterday, last year, last month, a week ago, in 2004, last Friday, three years ago, last night.

Например:

She goes to the nursery every day. She went to the nursery on Monday.

1. The boss usually signs the documents.

2. We always prepare a present for him.

3. He lives in a beautiful castle.

4. He often adds much salt to the soup.

5. They listen to rock music every night.

6. The audience always helps him.

7. We usually discuss our flight with our friend.

8. She often visits this monastery.

6. Complete the sentences with one of these verbs. Use them in the Past simple Tense.

Дополните предложения глаголами по смыслу, используя их формы прошедшего времени.

Take, see, come, have, go, build, begin, read, do, be.

1. Last year we ……………… a new house.

2. She ……………… the Queen of this country in the last century.

3. They ……………… to speak English well when they were 17.

4. My mother ……………… forks and knives from the drawer 5 minutes ago.

5. I ……………… three visitors in the audience room on Monday.

6. On holidays he ……………… caravanning.

7. I ……………… a comfortable journey to Spain last year.

8. The children ……………… their homework last night.

9. I ……………… a wonderful book about the last century last week.

10. Last weekend I ……………… to the studio and saw my friend there.

7. Make up interrogative and negative sentences. Give their translation.

Составьте вопросительные и отрицательные предложения. Переведите их на русскийязык.

Например:

The professor went water-skiing on Monday.

Did the professor go water-skiing on Monday?

The professor didn’t go water-skiing on Monday.

He read much about the history of this country.

…………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………

The king lived in a wonderful castle.

…………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………

I saw his new studio yesterday.

…………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………

The visitors discussed their problems there.

…………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………

They built a new bath in their house.

…………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………

The weather was cold and wet yesterday.

…………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………

8. Find a mistake in each of the sentences.

Найдите ошибку в каждом из данных предложений.

1. Why were you be tired after the flight?

2. Many visitors comed to the castle last year.

3. He prepareed a wonderful present for me last month.

4. Where lived they last year?

5. Who did organize that journey?

6. I went caravanning and see natural environment.

7. I didn't improved my Spanish when I went to Spain.

READINGAND SPEAKING PRACTICE

1. Answer the questions.

Ответьте на вопросы.

1. Where did you travel last summer?

2. Did you like the place and why?

3. Were you tired after the journey?

4. What interesting places did you visit?

5. Did you stay in a hotel/in a sanatorium/in a rest house?

6. Did you take your children with you there?

7. Were there a lot of visitors at this place?

8. Was there anything bad about the journey?

9. Was the weather hot or cold and wet?

10. Was your flight home comfortable?

2. Now write and speak about these people.

Напишите ирасскажите об этих людях.

Alec

Went to Turkey

Comfortable flight

Lived in a five-star hotel

Saw a lot of interesting people

Hot weather

Prepared a lot of presents

Sidney

Visited France

Improved her French

Saw many sights

Stayed at her friends’ house

Cold and wet weather

Expensive presents

Example: On holidays Alec went to Turkey

……………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………

Sidney …………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………

3. Read the dialogue and try to learn it.

Прочитайте диалог и постарайтесь его запомнить.

Sandra: Rita! Hello! How was your journey?

Rita: It was great! Everything was wonderful.

Sandra: Where did you go?

Rita: I went to France. We, my friend and I stayed near Bordeaux.

Sandra: How was the weather?

Rita: Well, one day was terrible, it was cold and wet. We did nothing – just read magazines and watched TV. But the other days were hot.

Sandra: How was your hotel?

Rita: We didn’t stay in a hotel. We were in a caravan. It’s all right. It was very cheap. But we didn’t cook. We went to cafйs and had dinner there.

Sandra: Really? Very nice. Did you see any sights?

Rita: Yes, a few. There was so much to see, but we had little time.

Sandra: Oh, I see. Did you improve your French?

Rita: I did! I talked to many young people at the discos and in the cafйs.

Sandra: Great!

Rita: I prepared a present for you there.

Sandra: For me?

Rita: Yes, it’s a disc about French castles. I know that you are interested in history, aren’t you?

Sandra: Oh, thank you.

Rita: Not at all.

4. Think of the questions to the following answers.

Придумайте вопросы к следующим ответам.

Yes, it was great.

No, I didn’t.

It was near the sea.

No, we weren’t.

Nothing.

Very few.

In Thailand.

There were some.

Yes, she was very tired.

The Royal Castle.

5. Make up a story about your holiday. Use all the words given.

Составьте рассказ про свой отпуск. Используйте все данные слова.

Flight, went, saw, awful, stayed, journey, people, was, comfortable, nothing, few, were, came, took, century, tired, weather, got, improved, ordered, history.

Prepare five questions that could be asked about your story.

Придумайте пять вопросов, которые могли бы быть Вам заданы.

6. Read this text.

Прочитайте текст.

Leeds Castle

Pat Carr is a tour guide. She takes tourists round the Leeds Castle and shows them what is there.

Leeds Castle was built in the ninth century. It was the home of many kings and queens from Edward the First until Henry the Eighth.