Карен Армстронг - Битва за Бога: История фундаментализма

200

Nathan O. Hatch, The Democratization of American Christianity (New Haven, Conn., and London, 1989), 22.

201

Ibid., 25–129.

202

Ibid., 68–157.

203

Ibid., 9.

204

Ibid., 36–37, 68–71.

205

Ibid., 115–120.

206

Ibid., 138–139.

207

Ibid., 71.

208

Ibid., 57.

209

Paul Boyer, When Time Shall Be No More: Prophecy Belief in Modern American Culture (Cambridge, Mass., and London, 1992), 83–84.

210

Ibid., 83.

211

Ibid., 82.

212

Daniel Walker Howe, «Religion and Politics in the Antebellum North,» in Noll (ed.), Religion and American Politics, 132–133; George M. Marsden, «Afterword,» in ibid., 382–383.

213

Robert P. Swierenga, «Ethno-Religious Political Behavior in the Mid-Nineteenth Century,» in Noll (ed.), Religion and American Politics, 158; Hatch, Democratization of American Christianity, 198–200.

214

Ruth H. Bloch, «Religion and Ideological Change in the American Revolution,» in Noll (ed.), Religion and American Politics, 55–56.

215

Boyer, When Time Shall Be No More, 82.

216

Robert C. Fuller, Naming the Antichrist: The History of an American Obsession (Oxford and New York, 1995), 95.

217

Swierenga, «Ethno-Religious Political Behavior in the Mid-Nineteenth Century,» 159–160; Marsden, «Afterword», 283–284.

218

Howe, «Religion and Politics in the Antebellum North,» 125–28; Swierenga, «Ethno-Religious Political Behavior,» 152–158.

219

Butler, Awash in a Sea of Faith, 270.

220

The Essence of Christianity (trans. George Eliot; New York, 1957), 33. В рус. переводе: Л. Фейербах. Сущность христианства // Избранные философские произведения: В 2 т. Т. 2. – М., 1965.

221

Karl Marx, «Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts,» in Karl Marx: Early Writings (trans, and ed. T. B. Borrowmore; London, 1963), 166–167. В рус. переводе: Маркс К. Экономическо-философские рукописи 1844 года и другие ранние философские работы. – М.: Академический проект, 2010.

222

James R. Moore, «Geologists and Interpreters of Genesis in the Nineteenth Century,» in Lindberg and Numbers (eds.), God and Nature, 341–343.

223

Essays and Reviews, 4th ed. (London, 1861).

224

Owen Chadwick, The Secularization of the European Mind in the Nineteenth Century (Cambridge, U. K., 1975), 161–188.

225

Quoted in Peter Gay, A Godless Jew: Freud, Atheism and the Making of Psychoanalysis (New Haven, Conn., and London, 1987), 6–7.

226

T. H. Huxley, Science and Christian Tradition (New York, 1896), 125.

227

Ницше Ф. Веселая наука // Ницше Ф. Соч.: В 2 т. Т. 1. – М.: Мысль, 1990.

228

Ibid.

229

Paul Johnson, A History of the Jews (London, 1987), 309. В рус. переводе: Джонсон П. История евреев.

230

Yirmanyahu Yovel, Dark Riddle: Hegel, Nietzsche and the Jews (Cambridge, U. K., 1998), 3–20, 83–97.

231

«On the Jewish Question,» in Karl Marx: Early Writings (trans. and ed. T. B. Borrowmore; London, 1963). В рус. переводе: Маркс К. К еврейскому вопросу // Маркс К., Энгельс Ф. Соч. 2-е изд. Т. 1. – М, 1955. – С. 382–413.

232

Benzion Dinur, «The Origin of Hasidism and Its Social and Messianic Foundations,» in Gershom David Hundert (ed.), Essential Papers on Hasidism: Origins to Present (New York and London, 1991), 86–161.

233

Simon Dubnow, «The Maggid of Miedzyryrzecz, His Associates and the Center in Volhynia,» in Hundert, Essential Papers, 58.

234

Gershom Scholem, «The Neutralization of Messianism in Early Hasidism,» in The Messianic Idea and Other Essays on Jewish Spirituality (New York, 1971), 189–200; «Devekut or Communion with God,» in ibid., 203–237; Louis Jacobs, «The Uplifting of the Sparks in Later Jewish Mysticism,» in Arthur Green (ed.), Jewish Spirituality, 2 vols. (New York and London, 1986, 1988), II, 116–125; Jacobs, «Hasidic Prayer,» in Hundert, Essential Papers, 330–348.

235

Benzion Dinur, «The Messianic-Prophetic Role of the Baal Shem Tov,» in Marc Saperstein (ed.), Essential Papers on Messianic Movements and Personalities in Jewish History (London and New York, 1992), 378–380.

236

Dubnow, «The Maggid of Miedzyryrzecz,» 65.

237

Ibid., 61.

238

Scholem, «The Neutralization of Messianism in Early Hasidism,» 196–198.

239

Louis Jacobs (ed.), The Jewish Mystics (London, 1990; New York, 1991), 208–215.

240

Название «Хабад» представляет собой акроним, составленный из трех божественных атрибутов каббалы: Hokhmah (мудрость), Binah (понимание) и Daat (знание).

241

Rachel Elior, «HaBaD: The Contemplative Ascent to God,» in Green (ed.), Jewish Spirituality, II, 158–203.

242

Jacobs, «Hasidic Prayer,» 350–355.

243

Jonathan Magonet, The Explorer's Guide to Judaism (London, 1998), 11.

244

David Rudavsky, Modern Jewish Religious Movements: A History of Emancipation and Adjustment, rev. ed. (New York, 1967), 85.

245

Norman Cantor, The Sacred Chain, A History of the Jews (New York, 1994; London, 1995), 236–37.

246

Ibid., 247–248.

247

Английские евреи были реабилитированы Оливером Кромвелем и после реставрации монархии по административному недосмотру получили юридическое признание вместе с другими «раскольниками».

248

Cantor, The Sacred Chain, 241–256.

249

Rudavsky, Modern Jewish Religious Movements, 157–164.

250

Ibid., 286–287.

251

Ibid., 290.

252

Julius Guttmann, Philosophies of Judaism, the History of Jewish Philosophy from Biblical Times to Franz Rosenzweig (London and New York, 1964), 308–351.

253

Rudavsky, Modern Jewish Religious Movements, 188, 194–195, 201–204.

254

Ibid., 218–219.

255

Samuel C. Heilman and Menachem Friedman, «Religious Fundamentalism and Religious Jews,» in Martin E. Marty and R. Scott Appleby (eds.), Fundamentalisms Observed (Chicago and London, 1991), 211–215; Charles Selengut, «By Torah Alone: Yeshiva Fundamentalism in Jewish Life,» in Martin E. Marty and R. Scott Appleby (eds.), Accounting for Fundamentalisms (Chicago and London, 1994), 239–241; Menachem Friedman, «Habad as Messianic Fundamentalism,» in ibid., 201.

256

Hayim Soloveitchic, «Migration, Acculturation and the New Role of Texts,» in Marty and Appleby (eds.), Accounting for Fundamentalisms, 333–334.

257

Rudavsky, Modern Jewish Religious Movements, 219–243.

258

Andrew A. Paton, A History of the Egyptian Revolution, 2 vols. (Trubner, Germany, 1876), I, 109–111.

259

George Annesley, The Rise of Modern Egypt: a Century and a Half of Egyptian History (Durham, U. K., 1994), 7.

260

Gaston Wait (ed. and trans.), Nicolas Turc, Chronique D'Egypte: 1798–1804 (Cairo, 1950), 78.

261

Youssef M. Choueiri, Islamic Fundamentalism (London, 1990), 19.

262

Araf Lufti al-Sayyid Marsot, «The Ulama of Cairo in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries,» in Nikki R. Keddie, Scholars, Saints and Sufis: Muslim Religion Institutions in the Middle East Since 1500 (Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London, 1972), 161–162; Daniel Crecelius, «Nonideological Responses of the Egyptian Ulama to Modernization,» in ibid., 173–175.

263

Bassam Tibi, Arab Nationalism, A Critical Enquiry, 2nd ed. (trans. Marion Farouk Sluglett and Peter Sluglett; London, 1990), 81.

264

Marsot, «The Ulama of Cairo,» 162.

265

Annesley, The Rise of Modern Egypt, 28–238.

266

Ibid., 51–56.

267

Ibid., 57–59.

268

Ibid., 59–60.

269

Ibid., 62.

270

Marsot, «The Role of the Ulama in Egypt During the Early Nineteenth Century,» in P. M. Holt (ed.) Political and Social Change in Modern Egypt: Historical Studies from the Ottoman Conquest to the United Arab Republic (London, 1968), 227–228.

271

Annesley, The Rise of Modern Egypt, 61.

272

Из обзора Али Мубарака (1875), в: Crecelius, «Nonideological Responses of the Egyptian Ulama,» 181–182.

273

Ibid., 180–189; Marsot, «The Role of the Ulama,» 278–279.

274

Albert Hourani, Arabic Thought in the Liberal Age, 1798–1939 (Oxford, 1962), 42–45.

275

Ibid., 46–49.

276

Annesley, The Rise of Modern Egypt, 129–141, 152.

277

Ibid., 147.

278

Ibid., 153–155.

279

Gerard de Nerval, Oeuvres (ed. Albert Beguin and Jean Richter; Paris, 1952), 895.

280

Michael Gilsenan, Recognizing Islam: Religion and Society in the Modern Middle East (London, 1990), 199.

281

Ibid., 198–201.

282

Nikki R. Keddie, Roots of Revolution: An Interpretive History of Modern Iran (New Haven, Conn., and London, 1981), 37–38.

283

Ibid., 25, 38–39, 42–43; Keddie, «The Roots of the Ulama's Power in Modern Iran,» in Keddie (ed.), Scholars, Saints and Sufis, 214–215.

284

Keddie, Roots of Revolution, 44–47, 56–63.

285

Juan R. Cole, «Imami Jurisprudence and the Role of the Ulama: Mortaza Ansari on Emulating the Supreme Exemplar,» in Keddie (ed.), Religion and Politics in Iran: Shiism from Quietism to Revolution (New Haven, Conn., and London, 1983), 41.

286

J. M. Tancoigne, A Narrative of a Journey into Persia and Residence in Teheran (trans. William Wright; London, 1820), 196–201.

287

William Beeman, «Cultural Dimensions of Performance Conventions in Iranian Taziyeh,» in Peter J. Chelkowski (ed.), Taziyeh, Ritual and Drama in Iran (New York, 1979), 26.

288

Michael J. Fischer, Iran: From Religious Dispute to Revolution (Cambridge, Mass., and London, 1980), 20, 176.

289

Marshall G. S. Hodgson, The Venture of Islam: Conscience and History in a World Civilization 3 vols. (Chicago and London, 1974), III, 155. Mangol Bayat, Mysticism and Dissent: Socioreligious Thought in Qajar Iran (Syracuse, N. Y., 1982), 37–58.

290

Bayat, Mysticism and Dissent, 60–86.

291

Ibid., 87–91.

292

Ibid., 90–97, 101–109.

293

Ibid., 97–100.

294

Ibid., 110–116.

295