Кристофер Фрит - ШИЗОФРЕНИЯ: краткое введение
Перечень иллюстраций
1 Гравюра, изображающая приют для лунатиков. 1838. (библиотека картин Мери Эванс)
2 Лечение при помощи инсулиновой комы
3 Больница Шенли
4 Скованные шизофренией
5. Эмиль Крепелин (Исторические архивы, Институт психиатрии Макса Планка, Мюнхен)
6. Евгений Блейлер (©) Bettman/Corbis)
7. Мозг человека
8. Зона Брока (извилина Брока, центр речи) и зона Вернике
9 Спонтанный рисунок пациента, у которого наблюдалось дезорганизованное поведение (Перепечатка: Дж. Дженстери, Дж. Млакар, Д. Б. Водусек и К. Д. Фрит (2000). «Дезорганизация при шизофрении не обязательно происходит по причине невозможности подавлять тенденцию к доминантному ответу». Когнитивная нейропсихиатрия, 5, 105–1221)
10 Автопортрет Чарльза Дойля (Музей Виктории и Альберта/ Библиотека искусств Бриджмен)
11 Эскиз идеи Безумной Иоанны, автор Ричард Дадд (Архивы и музей Королевской больницы Бетлем)
12 Набор рисунков Станислава Грофа во время сеанса ЛСД (© Stanislav Grof)
13 Блокада допаминовых рецепторов антипсихотическими лекарствами (Из работы Шерман с соавт., 1976)
14 Рисунки Клустона, изображающие развитие нёба (Из работы Т. С. Клустона «Неврозы развития в лекциях Морисона 1890 г.»; Оливер и Бойд, Эдинбург, 1891)
15 Желудочки мозга
16 Миндалина и гиппокамп
17 Р. Д. Ленг (© Topham Picturepoint)
18 Активность мозга, связанная с галлюцинациями (Из работы Силлершвейг с соавт., 1995)
19 Герман фон Гельмгольц (Библиотека Уэлком. Лондон)
20 Плакат «Змеиная яма» (сумасшедший дом), 1948 г. (Архив Рональда Гранта)
21 Передняя страница таблоида «Добсон сажает в клетку злодеев, изготовивших „бомбу с часовым механизмом“» (© The Sun / John Frost. Newspapers)
22 Передняя страница таблоида «Медицинская помощь при кризисе, душевнобольные имеют свободу убивать» (Daily Express / John Frost. Newspapers)
Примечания
Глава 1
Treatment of schizophrenia in the tabloid press: E. C. Johnstone, C. P. L Freeman, and A. K. Zealley, Companion to Psychiatry Studies, 6th edn. (Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, 1998).
The incidence of schizophrenia throughout the world: A. Jablensky, «Schizophrenia — Recent Epidemiologic Issues», Epidemiological Reviews (1995), 17 (1): 10–20.
The cost of schizophrenia: L. M. Davies and M. F. Drummond, «Economics and Schizophrenia — the Real Cost», British Journal of Psychiatry (1994), 165: 18–21, suppl. 25.
«I am more and more losing contact»: A. J. Lewis, «The psychopathology of insight», in Inquiries in Psychiatry: Clinical and Social Investigations (Routledge and Kegan Paul, London, 1967), pp. 16–29.
The writings of George Trosse and John Perceval: Dale Petersen (ed.), A Mad People's History of Madness (University of Pittsburgh Press, 1982).
P. Pinel Traité Médico-Philosophique sur Г. Alienation Mentale (Brosson, Pans, 1809).
J. Haslam, Observations on Madness and Melancholy, 2nd edn. (John Callow, 1809).
B. A. Morel, Traité des Maladies Mentales (Masson, Paris, 1860).
Глава 2
Development of the concept of schizophrenia: G. Berrios and R. Porter (eds.), A History of Clinical Psychiatry (Athlone Press, 1995).
E Kraepelin, «Dementia praecox and paraphrenia», tr. in The Clinical Routes of the Schizophrenia Concept, ed. J. Cutting and M.
Sheperd (Cambridge University Press, 1987).
E Bleuler, «Dementia praecox or the group of schizophrenias», tr. in The Clinical Routes of the Schizophrenia Concept, ed. J. Cutting and M Sheperd (Cambridge University Press, 1987).
Pseudo-neurotic schizophrenia: P. Hoch and P. Polatin, «Pseudoneurotic forms of schizophrenia», Psychiatric Quarterly (1949) 23: 248-56.
US/UK diagnostic project: J. E Cooper et at., «Psychiatric diagnosis in New York and London», Maudsley Monograph 20 (Oxford University Press, 1972).
DSM-IV: American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edn. (Washington DC, American Psychiatric Association, 1994).
Present State Examination: J. K. Wing, J. E. Cooper, and N. Sartorius, Description and Classification of Psychiatric Symptoms (Cambridge University Press, 1974).
Schneider's first rank symptoms: C. S. Mellors, «First-rank symptoms of schizophrenia», British Journal of Psychiairy (1970), 117:15–23.
Is there a form of schizophrenia with a good outcome?: E C. Johnstone et al., «The nature of „transient“ and „partial“ psychoses: findings from the Northwick Park „Functional“ Psychosis Study», Psychological Medicine (1996), 26: 361-9.
The Northwick Park first episode study: J. F. MacMillan, T. J. Crow, A. L. Johnson, and E. G. Johnstone, «Northwick Park study of first episodes of schizophrenia III. Short-term outcome in trial entrants and trial eligible patients», British Journal of Psychiatry (1986), 148: 128-33.
The outcome of schizophrenia: World Health Organization, Schizophrenia: An International Follow-up Study (John Wiley & Sons. New York, 1979).
Edinburgh high-risk study: E. C. Johnstone et al., «Edinburgh highrisk study — findings after four years. Demographic, attainment and psychopathological issues», Schizophrenia Research (2000), 46:1-15.
The genetic «spectrum» of schizophrenia: K. S. Kendler et al., «The structure of schizotypy — a pilot multitrait twin study». Psychiatry Research (1991) 36:19–36.
Глава 3
The central executive: A. Baddeley, Working Memory (Oxford University Press, 1986).
IQ in schizophrenia: C. D. Frith, J. Leary, C. Cahill and E. C. Johnstone, «Performance on psychological tests. Demographic and clinical correlates of the results of these tests», British Journal of Psychiatry (1991), suppl. 13: 26-9, 44-6.
IQ. decline in schizophrenia: J. Rabinowitz et al., «Cognitive and behavioural functioning in men with schizophrenia both before and shortly after first admission to hospital — cross-sectional analysis», British Journal of Psychiatry (2000), 177: 26–32.
IQ and institutionalization: E. C. Johnstone et al., «The dementia of dementia praecox», Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica (1978), 57: 305-24.
IQ and community care: C. Kelly et al., «Nithsdale Schizophrenia Surveys 20 — cognitive function in a catchment-area-based population of patients with schizophrenia», British Journal of Psychiatry (2000), 177: 348-53.
IQ and drugs: S. Mohamed et al., «Generalized cognitive deficits in schizophrenia — a study of first-episode patients». Archives of General Psychiatry (1999), 56(8): 749-54.
The core cognitive impairment in schizophrenia: B. Elvevag and T. E. Goldberg, «Cognitive impairment in schizophrenia is the core of the disorder». Critical Reviews in Neurobiology (2000), 14(1): 1-21.
Motivation in schizophrenia: S. G. Heilman et al., «Monetary reinforcement and Wisconsin Card Sorting performance in schizophrenia: why show me the money?», Schizophrenia Research (1998), 34(1–2): 67–75.
Single case approach: T. Shallice, P. W. Burgess, and C. D. Frith, «Can the neuropsychological case-study approach be applied to schizophrenia?». Psychological Medicine (1991), 21: 661-73.
Classifying symptoms: T. J. Crow, «Molecular pathology of schizophrenia: more than one disease process?», British Medical Journal (1980), 280(6207): 66-8.
Intellectual functioning and symptoms: E. C. Johnstone and C. D. Frith, «Validation of three dimensions of schizophrenic symptoms in a large unselected sample of patients». Psychological Medicine (1996), 26(4): 669-79.
Genius and madness: N. C. Andreasen, «Creativity and mental illness: prevalence rates in writers and their first-degree relatives». The American Journal of Psychiatry (1987), 144(10): 1.288-92; A. M. Ludwig, «Creative achievement and psychopathology: comparison among professions», American Journal of Psychotherapy (1992), 46(3): 330-56.
Superior abilities in the relatives of patients with schizophrenia: J. L. Karlsson, «Mental abilities of male relatives of psychotic patients», Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica (2001), 104(6): 466-8.
Глава 4
Amphetamine psychosis: P. H. Connell, Amphetamine Psychosis (Maudsley Monographs, 1958); S. Tatetsu, «Metamphetamine psychosis», in Current Concepts of Amphetamine Abuse, ed. E. H. Elinwood (Rockville NIMH, 1972).
Experimental studies of amphetamine: J. D. Griffith, J. H. Cavanaugh, J. Held, et al., «Experimental psychosis induced by the administration of d-amphetamine», in Amphetamine and Related Compounds, ed. E. Costa and S. Garattini (Raven Press, 1970), pp. 897–904;
В. M. Angrist and S. Gershon, «The phenomenology of experimentally induced amphetamine psychosis: Preliminary observations». Biological Psychiatry (1970), 2: 95-107.
Amphetamine and dopamine: L. Kokkinidis and H. Anisman, «Amphetamine psychosis and schizophrenia — a dual model», Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews (1981), 5 (4): 449-61.
Cannabis and schizophrenia: S. Andreasson, A. Engstrom, P. Allebeck, and U. Rydberg, «Cannabis and schizophrenia — a longitudinal study of Swedish conscripts». Lancet (1987), 2 (8574): 1483-6; W. Hall and L. Degenhardt, «Cannabis use and psychosis: a review of clinical and epidemiological evidence», Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry (2000), 34 (1): 26–34.
The cannabis receptor: M. Glass, «The role of cannabinoids in neurodegenerative diseases». Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry (2001), 25 (4): 743-65.
PCP and schizophrenia: D. C. Javitt and S. R. Zukin, «Recent advances in the phencyclidine model of schizophrenia», American Journal of Psychiatry (1991), 148 (10): 1301-8.
Discovery of antipsychotic drugs: J. Delay and P. Deniker, «Le traitement des psychoses par une méthode neurolyptique dérivée de l'hibernothérapie», in Congres de Médicins Aliénistes et Neurologistes de France, ed. P. Cossa (Maisson Editeurs Libraires de I’Académie de Médicine, Paris, 1952), pp. 497–502.
Efficacy of antipsychotic drugs: J. M. Davis and D. L. Gerver, «Neuroleptics — clinical use in psychiatry», in Handbook of Psychopharmacology Vol 10. Neuroleptics and Schizophrenia, ed. L. L. Iversen and S. D. Iversen (Plenum Press, 1978).
Dopamine and Parkinson's disease: 0. Hornykiewicz, «Dopamine in the basal ganglia. Its role and therapeutic implications (including the clinical use of L-DOPA)», British Medical Bulletin (1973), 29: 172-8.
The dopamine theory of schizophrenia: A. Carlsson and M. Lindquist, «Effect of chlorpromazine and haloperidol of formation of 3-methoxytyramine and normetanephrine in mouse brain», Acta Pharmacol. Toxicol. (1963): 140-4.
Dopamine blockade and the efficacy of antipsychotic drugs: P. Seeman et al., «Antipsychotic drug doses and neuroleptic/dopamine receptors». Nature (1976), 261: 717-9.
Atypical antipsychotics: J. Kane, G. Honigfeld, J. Singer, and H. Meltzer, «Clozapine for the treatment-resistant schizophrenic. A double-blind comparison with chlorpromazine». Archives of General Psychiatry (1988), 45: 789-96.
A revised dopamine theory of schizophrenia: S. Kapur and G. Remington, «Dopamine D(2) receptors and their role in atypical antipsychotic action: still necessary and may even be sufficient», Biological Psychiatry (2001), 50: 873-83.
Imaging dopamine receptors: M. Laruelle, «Imaging dopamine transmission in schizophrenia. A review and meta-analysis». Quarterly Journal of Nuclear Medicine (1998), 42: 211-21.
Глава 5
Neuropathology of schizophrenia: Paul J. Harrison, «The neuropathology of schizophrenia: A critical review of the data and their interpretation». Brain (1999), 122: 593-62.
Genetics of schizophrenia: 1.1. Gottesman, Scnizophrenia Genesis: The Origins of Madness (W. H. Freeman & Co, 1991).
Adoption studies: S. S. Kety et at., «Mental illness in the biological and adoptive families of adopted individuals who have become schizophrenic: a preliminary report based on psychiatric interviews», Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Psychopathology Association (1975), 63: 147-65.
Genetic linkage studies: K. S. Kendler, «The feasibility of linkage studies in schizophrenia», in Biological Perspectives of Schizophrenia, ed. H. Helmchan and F. A. Henn (Wylie, 1987).
Susceptibility genes in schizophrenia: C. R. Cloninger, «The discovery of susceptibility genes for mental disorders». Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA (2002), 99: 13365-7.
Velo-cardio facial syndrome: К. C. Murphy and M. J. Owen, «Velocardio facial syndrome. A model for understanding the genetics and pathogenesis of schizophrenia», British Journal of Psychiatry (2001), 179: 397–402.
