Почему тело дает сбой. Как ежедневные привычки могут незаметно нас убивать - Шилпа Равелла

et al., “Inflammation-Related Mechanisms in Chronic Kidney Disease Prediction, Progression, and Outcome”, Journal of Immunology Research 2018 (Sept. 6, 2018); Gabriela Cobo, Bengt Lindholm, and Peter Stenvinkel, “Chronic Inflammation in End-Stage Renal Disease and Dialysis”, Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 33, Suppl. 3 (Oct. 1, 2018).

в том числе и воспалительным заболеванием: F. Berenbaum, “Osteoarthritis as an Inflammatory Disease (Osteoarthritis Is Not Osteoarthrosis!)”, Osteoarthritis Cartilage 21, no. 1 (Jan. 2013).

около 60 % воспалительных клеток: Yu-sheng Li et al., “T Cells in Osteoarthritis: Alterations and Beyond”, Review, Frontiers in Immunology 8, no. 356 (March 30, 2017).

вредное воздействие скрытого воспаления на мышечную ткань: Sebastiaan Dalle, Lenka Rossmeislova, and Katrien Koppo, “The Role of Inflammation in Age-Related Sarcopenia”, Review, Frontiers in Physiology 8, no. 1045 (Dec. 12, 2017); Giulia Bano et al., “Inflammation and Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis”, Maturitas 96 (Feb. 1, 2017).

макрофаги играют здесь важную роль: Chang-Yi Cui and Luigi Ferrucci, “Macrophages in Skeletal Muscle Aging”, Aging 12, no. 1 (2020).

написал он о своих находках: Alison Abbott, “Is ‘Friendly Fire’ in the Brain Provoking Alzheimer’s Disease?” Nature 556 (April 26, 2018); Edward Bullmore, The Inflamed Mind: A Radical New Approach to Depression (New York: Picador, 2018).

по меньшей мере треть случаев: Gill Livingston et al., “Dementia Prevention, Intervention, and Care”, Lancet 390, no. 10113 (Dec. 16, 2017).

в точности совпадают с тем, что сейчас называют микроглией: Helmut Kettenmann and Alexei Verkhratsky, “Neuroglia: The 150 Years After”, Trends in Neurosciences 31, no. 12 (2008).

Хенека был потрясен: Abbott, “Is ‘Friendly Fire’ in the Brain”; Michael T. Heneka et al., “Nlrp3 Is Activated in Alzheimer’s Disease and Contributes to Pathology in App/Ps1 Mice”, Nature 493, no. 7434 (Jan. 1, 2013).

Почти все они связаны с иммунной системой: Brian W. Kunkle et al., “Genetic Meta-Analysis of Diagnosed Alzheimer’s Disease Identifies New Risk Loci and Implicates Aβ, Tau, Immunity and Lipid Processing”, Nature Genetics 51, no. 3 (March 1, 2019); Rita Guerreiro et al., “Trem2 Variants in Alzheimer’s Disease”, New England Journal ofMedicine 368, no. 2 (2012); Thorlakur Jonsson et al., “Variant of Trem2 Associated with the Risk of Alzheimer’s Disease”, New England Journal of Medicine 368, no. 2 (2012).

играют центральную роль: Julia Marschallinger, Kira Irving Mosher, and Tony WyssCoray, “Microglial Dysfunction in Brain Aging and Neurodegeneration”, in Handbook of Immunosenescence: Basic Understanding and Clinical Implications, ed. Tamas Fulop et al. (London: Springer Nature, 2018).

воспаление может напрямую способствовать росту бляшек: Ji-Yeun Hur et al., “The Innate Immunity Protein Ifitm3 Modulates Γ-Secretase in Alzheimer’s Disease”, Nature 586, no. 7831 (Oct. 1, 2020); Christina Ising et al., “Nlrp3 Inflammasome Activation Drives Tau Pathology”, Nature 575, no. 7784 (Nov. 2019).

раз за разом обнаруживая внутри многочисленные амилоидные бляшки и нейрофибриллярные клубки: Beatriz G. Perez-Nievas et al., “Dissecting Phenotypic Traits Linked to Human Resilience to Alzheimer’s Pathology”, Brain 136, Pt. 8 (Aug. 2013).

к существующим бляшкам и клубкам должно добавиться активное воспаление: См., например: Robert Moir and Rudolph E. Tanzi, “The Innate Immune Protection Hypothesis of Alzheimer’s Disease”, Advances in Motion (Feb. 4, 2020); Hur et al., “Innate Immunity Protein”; Michael T Heneka et al., “Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s Disease”, The Lancet Neurology 14, no. 4 (2015).

связано со снижением умственных способностей в последующие годы: Keenan A. Walker et al., “Systemic Inflammation During Midlife and Cognitive Change over 20 Years”, Neurology 92, no. 11 (2019).

является надежным предсказателем уменьшения объема мозга: Keenan A. Walker et al., “Midlife Systemic Inflammatory Markers Are Associated with Late-Life Brain Volume”, Neurology 89, no. 22 (2017).

такие как герпес на губах или болезни десен: Angela R. Kamer et al., “Inflammation and Alzheimer’s Disease: Possible Role of Periodontal Diseases”, Alzheimer’s & Dementia 4, no. 4 (July 1, 2008).

последующим накоплением в мозге тау-белков и амилоидов: Robert A. Stern et al., “Tau Positron-Emission Tomography in Former National Football League Players”, New England Journal of Medicine 380, no. 18 (May 2, 2019); Thor D. Stein et al., “Beta-Amyloid Deposition in Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy”, Acta Neuropathologica 130, no. 1 (July 1, 2015).

связывают скрытое воспаление как с нейродегенеративными, так и с психическими проблемами: Megan E. Renna et al., “The Association between Anxiety, Traumatic Stress, and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders and Chronic Inflammation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis”, Depression & Anxiety 35, no. 11 (2018); Heeok Hong, Byung Sun Kim, and Heh-In Im, “Pathophysiological Role of Neuroinflammation in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Psychiatric Disorders”, International Neurourology Journal 20, Suppl. 1 (2016).

скандальную работу: R. S. Smith, “The Macrophage Theory of Depression”, Medical Hypotheses 35, no. 4 (Aug. 1991).

способствуя таким проблемам, как депрессия: Bullmore, The Inflamed Mind; Beurel, Toups, and Nemeroff, “Bidirectional Relationship of Depression and Inflammation”; Chieh-Hsin Lee and Fabrizio Giuliani, “The Role of Inflammation in Depression and Fatigue”, Review, Frontiers in Immunology 10, no. 1696 (July 19, 2019).

в одном масштабном исследовании 2013 года: Marie Kim Wium-Andersen et al., “Elevated C-Reactive Protein Levels, Psychological Distress, and Depression in 73,131 Individuals”, JAMA Psychiatry 70, no. 2 (2013).

оказывать прямое влияние на мозг и настроение: Neil A. Harrison et al., “Inflammation Causes Mood Changes through Alterations in Subgenual Cingulate Activity and Mesolimbic Connectivity”, Biological Psychiatry 66, no. 5 (Sept. 1, 2009); Thomas E. Kraynak et al., “Functional Neuroanatomy of Peripheral Inflammatory Physiology: A Meta-Analysis of Human Neuroimaging Studies”, Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 94 (Nov. 2018).

дисрегуляция реакций как врожденного, так и адаптивного иммунитета: Eléonore Beurel, Marisa Toups, and Charles B. Nemeroff, “The Bidirectional Relationship of Depression and Inflammation: Double Trouble”, Neuron 107, no. 2 (July 22, 2020); George M. Slavich and Michael R. Irwin, “From Stress to Inflammation and Major Depressive Disorder: A Social Signal Transduction Theory of Depression”, Psychological Bulletin 140, no. 3 (May 2014).

Даже воспаления от вакцинации: Harrison et al., “Inflammation Causes Mood Changes”. the most common causes of death: David S. Jones, Scott H. Podolsky, and Jeremy A. Greene, “The Burden of Disease and the Changing Task of Medicine”, New England Journal of Medicine 366, no. 25 (June 21, 2012).

под новыми именами и фамилиями: Rehan P. Visser, “Fernando Pessoa’s Art of Living: Ironic Multiples, Multiple Ironies”, The Philosophical Forum 50, no. 4 (Dec. 1,