Филипп Дженкинс - Войны за Иисуса: Как церковь решала, во что верить

97

J. N. D. Kelly, Golden Mouth (Ithaca, NY: Cornell Univ. Press, 1995); Helmut Koester, ed., Ephesos, Metropolis of Asia (Valley Forge, PA: Trinity Press International, 1995). Об Иоанне Златоусте и Эфесе см. Sozomen, «Ecclesiastical History», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 2:403.

98

E. A. J. Honigmann, «Juvenal of Jerusalem», in Dumbarton Oaks Papers, no.5 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press, 1950), 209–279.

99

Цитата из Evagrius, «History of the Church», in Walford, History of the Church, 356.

100

О развитии института папства см. Jeffrey Richards, The Popes and the Papacy in the Early Middle Ages (New York: Routledge, 1979); Eamon Duffy, Saints and Sinners (New Haven: Yale Univ. Press, 1997); Philippe Levillain, ed., The Papacy: An Encyclopedia (New York: Routledge, 2002); Wessel, Leo the Great; Roger Collins, Keepers of the Keys of Heaven (New York: Basic Books, 2009).

101

John R. Curran, Pagan City and Christian Capital (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1999); Dennis Trout, «Saints, Identity and the City», in Virginia Burrus, ed., Late Ancient Christianity (Minneapolis: Fortress, 2005), 164–187; о возникновении папства и возвышении Римской церкви см. Éamonn Ó Carragáin and Carol L. Neuman de Vegvar, eds., Roma Felix (Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2007).

102

«Мы несем…» цитируется по Klaus Schatz, Papal Primacy (Collegeville, MN: Liturgical Press, 1996), 30.

103

Leo the Great, «Letters and Sermons», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 7. Wessel, Leo the Great, 285–321.

104

Smith, Europe after Rome; Stephen Mitchell, A History of the Later Roman Empire, a.d.284–641 (Oxford: Blackwell, 2007); John F. Drinkwater, The Alamanni and Rome 213–496 (Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 2007); Michael Kulikowski, Rome’s Gothic Wars from the Third Century to Alaric (New York: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2007); Traina, 428 AD.

105

Leo the Great, «Letters and Sermons» in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church: о диктаторских замашках папы, 6; о Галии, 8—12; о Льве и Иллирике, 6. Johann Peter Kirsch, «Pope St. Leo I (the Great)», Catholic Encyclopedia (1910), vol.9, at http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09154b.htm. Wessel, Leo the Great, 53—136; Paul-André Jacob, ed., La Vie d’Hilaire d’Arles (Paris: Editions du Cerf, 1995).

106

Alan Cameron and Jacqueline Long, Barbarians and Politics at the Court of Arcadius (Berkeley: Univ. of California Press, 1993); Bryan Ward-Perkins, The Fall of Rome and the End of Civilization (Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press 2005); Peter Heather, The Fall of the Roman Empire (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 2006). О численности населения Рима см. Barry Cunliffe, Europe Between the Oceans (New Haven: Yale Univ. Press, 2008), 426.

107

Цитата из Льва Великого по Leo the Great, «Letters and Sermons», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 83; Millar, A Greek Roman Empire, 1—38, 84—129.

108

John Drinkwater and Hugh Elton, eds., Fifth-Century Gaul (New York: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1992). О росте западного христианства в ту эпоху см. R. A. Markus, The End of Ancient Christianity (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1991); Ivor Davidson, «Later Theologians of the West», in Esler, Early Christian World, 1:602–634.

109

Davis, Early Coptic Papacy; Roger S. Bagnall, Egypt in Late Antiquity (Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press, 1993). См. статьи в книге Bagnall, Egypt in the Byzantine World, 300–700, особенно Zsolt Kiss, «Alexandria in the Fourth to Seventh Centuries», 187–206.

110

Evetts, Patriarchs of the Coptic Church of Alexandria, 1. Walther Bauer, Orthodoxy and Heresy in Earliest Christianity (London: SCM, 1972); Pearson and Goehring, Roots of Egyptian Christianity; Birger A. Pearson, Gnosticism and Roman and Coptic Egypt (New York: T & T Clark, 2004); Birger A. Pearson, «Egypt», in Mitchell and Young, Cambridge History of Christianity, 351–365.

111

Colin H. Roberts, Manuscript, Society, and Belief in Early Christian Egypt (London: published for the British Academy by Oxford Univ. Press, 1979). C. Wilfred Griggs, Early Egyptian Christianity (Leiden: Brill, 1990).

112

Christopher Haas, Alexandria in Late Antiquity (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, 1997). Goehring and Timbie, World of Early Egyptian Christianity.

113

Socrates, «Ecclesiastical History», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 2:126–127; Sozomen, «Ecclesiastical History», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 2:385–386. Norman Russell, Theophilus of Alexandria (New York: Routledge, 2007); David Frankfurter «Christianity and Paganism I: Egypt», in Casiday and Norris, Cambridge History of Christianity, 173–188.

114

Цитата из Socrates, «Ecclesiastical History», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 159–160. Александрия славилась конфликтами группировок и агрессивной непокорностью еще задолго до триумфа христианства: см. Andrew Harker, Loyalty and Dissidence in Roman Egypt (New York: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2008). О линчевании см. Stevenson, Creeds, Councils and Controversies, 60–61.

115

Frend, Rise of the Monophysite Movement, 72; Rebecca Krawiec, Shenoute and the Women of the White Monastery (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 2002); Caroline T. Schroeder, Monastic Bodies (Philadelphia: Univ. of Pennsylvania Press, 2007). Об особенностях египетского христианства см. Alois Grillmeier, Christ in Christian Tradition, vol.2, From the Council of Chalcedon (451) to Gregory the Great (590–604), part 4, The Church of Alexandria with Nubia and Ethiopia after 451 (Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox, 1996), 167–228; David Frankfurter, ed., Pilgrimage and Holy Space in Late Antique Egypt (Leiden: Brill, 1998).

116

Patrick Healy, «Parabolani», Catholic Encyclopedia (1911), vol.11, at http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11467a.htm. Stevenson, Creeds, Councils and Controversies, 158–159, 191–192.

117

Socrates, «Ecclesiastical History», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 159–161. Evetts, Patriarchs of the Coptic Church of Alexandria, 2:430–443.

118

См. Socrates, «Ecclesiastical History», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 159–161.

119

Socrates, «Ecclesiastical History», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 159–160.

120

Socrates, «Ecclesiastical History», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 160.

121

Цитата из Socrates, «Ecclesiastical History», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 160; R. H. Charles, ed., The Chronicle of John, Bishop of Nikiu (London: Williams & Norgate, 1916), 100–102; Michael A. B. Deakin, Hypatia of Alexandria (Amherst, NY: Prometheus, 2007).

122

Harold G. Marcus, A History of Ethiopia, rev. ed. (Berkeley: Univ. of California Press, 2002).

123

Frend, Rise of Christianity.

124

Vasiliki Limberis, Divine Heiress (New York: Routledge, 1994).

125

Brian Croke, «Justinian’s Constantinople» in Michael Maas, ed., The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Justinian (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2005), 60–86.

126

Socrates, «Ecclesiastical History», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 138–139; Sozomen, «Ecclesiastical History», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 399–401; Kelly, Golden Mouth; Chadwick, Church in Ancient Society, 479–498; Jaclyn L. Maxwell, Christianization and Communication in Late Antiquity (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2006).

127

Socrates, «Ecclesiastical History», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 138–152; Sozomen, «Ecclesiastical History», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 402–418; Theodoret, «Ecclesiastical History», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 151–156; J. N. D. Kelly, Jerome: His Life, Writings, and Controversies (New York: Harper & Row, 1975); Limberis, Divine Heiress; Russell, Theophilus of Alexandria.

128

J. W. H. G. Liebeschuetz, Barbarians and Bishops (Oxford: Clarendon, 1990).

129

Averil Cameron. The Mediteranean World in Late Antiquity, a.d.395–600 (New York: Routledge, 1993); Chadwick, Church in Ancient Society; Webster and Brown, Transformation of the Roman World a.d.400–900.

130

Liebeschuetz, Barbarians and Bishops; Averil Cameron, The Later Roman Empire (Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press, 1993).

131

Timothy D. Barnes, The New Empire of Diocletian and Constantine (Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press, 1982); Matthew P. Canepa, The Two Eyes of the Earth (Berkeley: Univ. of California Press, 2009).

132

Kate Cooper and Julia Hillner, eds., Religion, Dynasty and Patronage in Early Christian Rome, 300–900 (New York: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2007); Wessel, Leo the Great, 10–16.

133

Cameron and Long, Barbarians and Politics; Penny MacGeorge, Late Roman Warlords (Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 2003).

134

Millar, Greek Roman Empire, 39–83; Drinkwater and Elton, Fifth-Century Gaul.

135

Christopher Kelly, Ruling the Later Roman Empire (Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press, 2004); Adrian Goldsworthy, The Fall of the West (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 2009). Shaun Tougher, The Eunuch in Byzantine History and Society (New York: Routledge, 2008).

136

Цитата из C. D. Gordon, ed., The Age of Attila (Ann Arbor: Univ. of Michigan Press, 1960), 27–28.

137

Millar, Greek Roman Empire, 130–167; Derek Krueger, «Christian Piety and Practice in the Sixth Century», in Maas, Cambridge Companion to the Age of Justinian, 291–315.

138

Jaroslav Pelikan, The Excellent Empire (San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1987); Ward-Perkins, Fall of Rome and the End of Civilization; Heather, Fall of the Roman Empire; Goldsworthy, Fall of the West.

139

Цитата «Налоги собирают…» из J. B. Bury, A History of the Later Roman Empire from Arcadius to Irene (London: Macmillan, 1889), 219. Цитата из Сальвиана по Salvian, On the Government of God, ed., by Eva M. Sanford (New York: Columbia Univ. Press, 1930), 109. Goldsworthy, Fall of the West.

140

Raymond Van Dam, «Bishops and Society», in Casiday and Norris, Cambridge History of Christianity, 343–366; Rapp, Holy Bishops in Late Antiquity; Peter Brown, Authority and the Sacred (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1997).

141

Susan R. Holman, The Hungry Are Dying (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 2001); Peter Brown, Poverty and Leadership in the Later Roman Empire (Hanover, NH: Univ. Press of New England, 2002); Andrew T. Crislip, From Monastery to Hospital (Ann Arbor: Univ. of Michigan Press, 2005); Wessel, Leo the Great, 179–207.

142

Об обвинениях против Ибаса см. Price and Gaddis, Acts of the Council of Chalcedon, 2:285.

143

Выражение «дух амбициозного соперничества» из Socrates, «Ecclesiastical History», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 169. Цитата «предотвратить беспорядки…» из Socrates, «Ecclesiastical History», in Schaff and Wace, Fathers of the Christian Church, 175.