Власть роботов. Как подготовиться к неизбежному - Мартин Форд
Filip Piekniewski, «AI winter is well on its way,» Piekniewski’s Blog, May 28, 2018, blog.piekniewski.info/2018/05/28/ai-winter-is-well-on-its-way/.
155
Ford, Interview with Jeffery Dean, in Architects of Intelligence, p. 377.
156
Ford, Interview with Demis Hassabis, in Architects of Intelligence, p. 171.
157
Andrea Banino, Caswell Barry, Dharshan Kumaran and Benigno Uria, «Navigating with grid-like representations in artificial agents,» DeepMind Research Blog, May 9, 2018, deepmind.com/blog/article/grid-cells.
158
Ford, Interview with Demis Hassabis, in Architects of Intelligence, p. 173.
159
Andrea Banino, Caswell Barry, Benigno Uria et al., «Vector-based navigation using grid-like representations in artificial agents,» Nature, volume 557, pp. 429–433 (2018), May 9, 2018, www.nature.com/articles/s41586-018-0102-6.
160
Will Dabney and Zeb Kurth-Nelson, «Dopamine and temporal difference learning: A fruitful relationship between neuroscience and AI,» DeepMind Research Blog, January 15, 2020, deepmind.com/blog/article/Dopamine-and-temporal-difference-learning-A-fruitful-relationship-between-neuroscience-and-AI.
161
Tony Peng, «Yann LeCun Cake Analogy 2.0,» Synced Review, February 22, 2019, medium.com/syncedreview/yann-lecun-cake-analogy-2-0-a361da560dae.
162
Ford, Interview with Demis Hassabis, in Architects of Intelligence, pp. 172–173.
163
Jeremy Kahn, «A. I. breakthroughs in natural-language processing are big for business,» Fortune, January 20, 2020, fortune.com/2020/01/20/natural-language-processing-business/.
164
Ford, Interview with David Ferrucci, in Architects of Intelligence, p. 409.
165
Там же, с. 414.
166
Do You Trust This Computer? released April 5, 2018, Papercut Films, doyoutrustthiscomputer.org/.
167
Ford, Interview with David Ferrucci, in Architects of Intelligence, p. 414.
168
Ray Kurzweil, The Singularity Is Near: When Humans Transcend Biology, Penguin Books, 2005.
169
Ray Kurzweil, How to Create a Mind: The Secret of Human Thought Revealed, Penguin Books, 2012.
170
Ford, Interview with Ray Kurzweil, in Architects of Intelligence, pp. 230–231.
171
Mitch Kapor and Ray Kurzweil, «A wager on the Turing test: The rules,» Kurzweil AI Blog, April 9, 2002, www.kurzweilai.net/a-wager-on-the-turing-test-the-rules.
172
Sean Levinson, «A Google executive is taking 100 pills a day so he can live forever,» Elite Daily, April 15, 2015, www.elitedaily.com/news/world/google-executive-taking-pills-live-forever/1001270.
173
Ford, Interview with Ray Kurzweil, in Architects of Intelligence, pp. 240–241.
174
Там же, с. 230.
175
Там же, с. 233.
176
Alec Radford, Jeffrey Wu, Dario Amodei et al., «Better language models and their implications,» OpenAI Blog, February 14, 2019, openai.com/blog/better-language-models/.
177
James Vincent, «OpenAI’s latest breakthrough is astonishingly powerful, but still fighting its flaws,» The Verge, July 30, 2020, www.theverge.com/21346343/gpt-3-explainer-openai-examples-errors-agi-potential.
178
Gary Marcus and Ernest Davis, «GPT-3, Bloviator: OpenAI’s language generator has no idea what it’s talking about,» MIT Technology Review, August 22, 2020, www.technologyreview.com/2020/08/22/1007539/gpt3-openai-language-generator-artificial-intelligence-ai-opinion/.
179
Ford, Interview with Stuart Russell, in Architects of Intelligence, p. 53.
180
«OpenAI Founder: Short-Term AGI Is a Serious Possibility,» Synced, November 13, 2018, syncedreview.com/2018/11/13/openai-founder-short-term-agi-is-a-serious-possibility/.
181
Connie Loizos, «Sam Altman in conversation with StrictlyVC (video),» YouTube, May 18, 2019, youtu.be/TzcJlKg2Rc0, location 39:00.
182
Luke Dormehl, «Neuro-symbolic A. I. is the future of artificial intelligence. Here’s how it works,» Digital Trends, January 5, 2020, www.digitaltrends.com/cool-tech/neuro-symbolic-ai-the-future/.
183
Ford, Interview with Yoshua Bengio, in Architects of Intelligence, p. 22.
184
Машина, придуманная американским карикатуристом Рубом Голдбергом, — устройство, выполняющее очень простое действие очень сложным образом. — Прим. пер.
185
Ford, Interview with Geoffrey Hinton, in Architects of Intelligence, pp. 84–85.
186
Ford, Interview with Yann LeCun, in Architects of Intelligence, p. 123.
187
Anthony M. Zador, «A critique of pure learning and what artificial neural networks can learn from animal brains,» Nature Communications, volume 10, article number 3770 (2019), August 21, 2019, www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-11786-6.
188
Zoey Chong, «AI beats humans in Stanford reading comprehension test,» CNET, January 16, 2018, www.cnet.com/news/new-results-show-ai-is-as-good-as-reading-comprehension-as-we-are/.
189
Все примеры схемы Винограда взяты из: Ernest Davis, «A collection of Winograd schemas,» New York University Department of Computer Science, September 8, 2011, cs.nyu.edu/davise/papers/WSOld.html.
190
Ford, Interview with Oren Etzioni, in Architects of Intelligence, pp. 495–496.
191
Там же.
192
Ford, Interview with Yoshua Bengio, in Architects of Intelligence, p. 21.
193
Ford, Interview with Yann LeCun, in Architects of Intelligence, pp. 126–127.
194
Там же, с. 130.
195
Ford, Interview with Judea Pearl, in Architects of Intelligence, p. 364.
196
Ford, Interview with Joshua Tenenbaum, in Architects of Intelligence, pp. 471–472.
197
Ford, Interview with Judea Pearl, in Architects of Intelligence, p. 366.
198
Will Knight, «An AI pioneer wants his algorithms to understand the ‘why,’» Wired, October 8, 2019, www.wired.com/story/ai-pioneer-algorithms-understand-why.
199
Аллисон Г. Обречены воевать. — М.: АСТ, 2019.
200
Graham Allison, Destined for War: Can America and China Escape Thucydides’s Trap? Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2017.
201
