Обратный эффект санкций. Как санкции меняют мир не в интересах США - Агата Демаре
690
Китайское название ковша Большой Медведицы. (Прим. пер.)
691
Toru Tsunashima, “In 165 Countries, China’s Beidou Eclipses American GPS”, Nikkei Asia, November 25, 2020, https://asia. nikkei. com/Politics/International-relations/In‐165-countries-China-s-Beidou-eclipses-American-GPS.
692
Cheng Ting-Fang and Lauly Li, “China’s SMIC Stockpiles Chip Equipment to Counter US Restrictions”, Nikkei Asia, September 30, 2020, https://asia. nikkei. com/Politics/International-relations/US-China-tensions/China-s-SMIC‐stockpiles-chip-equipment-to-counter-US‐restrictions.
693
Aurélien Duthoit, “China: Riding the Silicon Ox?”, Euler Hermes, February 9, 2021, https://www. eulerhermes. com/en_global/news-insights/economic-insights/China-Riding-the-silicon-ox. html.
694
«Великий поход» — переход коммунистических отрядов из Южного Китая через горные районы в 1934–1936 годах во время Гражданской войны в Китае. (Прим. пер.)
695
Kathrin Hille and Sun Yu, “Chinese Groups Go from Fish to Chips in New ‘Great Leap Forward,’ ” Financial Times, October 13, 2020, https://www. ft. com/content/46edd2b2–1734–47da‐8e77–21854ca5b212.
696
Отсылка к «Большому скачку» — китайской кампании (1958–1960) по развитию страны, закончившейся катастрофическим провалом. (Прим. пер.)
697
Salvatore Babones, “China’s Drive to Make Semiconductor Chips Is Failing”, Foreign Policy, December 14, 2020, https://foreignpolicy. com/2020/12/14/china-technology-sanctions-huawei-chips-semiconductors.
698
Graham Kendall, “Apollo 11 Anniversary: Could an iPhone Fly Me to the Moon?”, Independent, July 9, 2019, https://www. independent. co. uk/news/science/apollo‐11-moon-landing-mobile-phones-smartphone-iphone-a8988351. html.
699
Chris Miller, “America Is Going to Decapitate Huawei”, New York Times, September 15, 2020, https://www. nytimes. com/2020/09/15/opinion/united-states-huawei. html.
700
Bown, “How Trump’s Export Curbs on Semiconductors and Equipment Hurt the US”.
701
Varas and Varadarajan, “How Restrictions to Trade with China Could End US Leadership”.
702
JamesKynge,“HuaweiRecordsBiggestJumpinPatentOwnershipin2020”, Financial Times, March 17, 2021, https://www. ft. com/content/614c6149–2f6e‐482f-b64a‐97aa2496ac7f.
703
Ting-Fang and Li, “China’s SMIC Stockpiles Chip Equipment”.
704
Kathrin Hille, Yuan Yang, and Qianer Liu, “Huawei Develops Plan for Chip Plant to Help Beat US Sanctions”, Financial Times, November 1, 2020, https://www. ft. com/content/84eb666e‐0af3–48eb‐8b60–3f53b19435cb.
705
Karen Sutter, “ ‘Made in China 2025’ Industrial Policies: Issues for Congress”, Congressional Research Service, accessed October 14, 2020, https://crsreports. congress. gov/product/pdf/IF/IF10964.
706
Varas and Varadarajan, “How Restrictions to Trade with China Could End US Leadership”.
707
James Kynge and Mercedes Ruehl, “China Snaps Up Chip Talent from US Firms”, Financial Times, November 25, 2020, https://www. ft. com/content/9f5e4e53–7f7c‐4206-a929–9a0d5baa9bf5.
708
Ian Fergusson and Karen Sutter, “U. S. Export Control Reforms and China: Issues for Congress”, Congressional Research Service, accessed October 13, 2020, https://crsreports. congress. gov/product/pdf/IF/IF11627.
709
Varas and Varadarajan, “How Restrictions to Trade with China Could End US Leadership”.
710
James Lewis, “Semiconductors and Modern Defense Spending”, Center for Strategic and International Studies, September 8, 2020, https://www. csis. org/analysis/semiconductors-and-modern-defense-spending.
711
Yue Yue, Wang Liwei, and Han Wei, “Four Things to Know About the State’s Role in China’s Private Investment Market”, Caixin Global, October 14, 2020, https://www. caixinglobal. com/2020–10–14/four-things-to-know-about-the-states-role-in-chinas-private-investment-market‐101614377. html.
712
“America’s Latest Salvo Against Huawei”, Economist.
713
Yoko Kubota, “China Sets Up New $29 Billion Semiconductor Fund”, Wall Street Journal, October 25, 2019, https://www. wsj. com/articles/china-sets-up-new‐29-billion-semiconductor-fund‐11572034480.
714
Samuel Shen and Josh Horwitz, “China Tech Veterans to Launch ‘Domestic Replacement’ Fund Amid U. S. Sanctions”, Reuters, September 15, 2020, https://www. reuters. com/article/china-tech-fund-idUSKBN25Z1R9.
715
Frank Tang, “China’s Five-Year Plan to Focus on Independence as US Decoupling Threat Grows”, South China Morning Post, May 24, 2020, https://www. scmp. com/economy/china-economy/article/3085683/coronavirus-china-five-year-plan-focus-independence-us.
716
Lewis, “Semiconductors and Modern Defense Spending”.
717
“Notes from a CSIS Virtual Event: American Leadership in Semiconductor Manufacturing”, Center for Strategic and International Studies, October 13, 2020, https://csis-website-prod. s3. amazonaws. com/s3fs-public/event/201014_Leadership_Semiconductor_Manufacturing. pdf.
718
Zeyi Yang, “Chinese Companies Are Making Their Own Semiconductors”, Protocol, March 13, 2021, https://www. protocol. com/china/chinese-companies-make-own-semiconductors.
719
Hille and Yu, “Chinese Groups Go from Fish to Chips”.
720
Sidney Leng, “US Semiconductor Giant Shuts China Factory Hailed as ‘a Miracle,’ in Blow to Beijing’s Chip Plans”, South China Morning Post, May 20, 2020, https://www. scmp. com/economy/china-economy/article/3085230/us-semiconductor-giant-shuts-china-factory-hailed-miracle.
721
Sidney Leng and Orange Wang, “China’s Semiconductor Drive Stalls in Wuhan, Exposing Gap in Hi-Tech Production Capabilities”, South China Morning Post, August 28, 2020, https://www. scmp. com/economy/china-economy/article/3099100/chinas-semiconductor-drive-stalls-wuhan-exposing-gap-hi-tech.
722
Hille and Yu, “Chinese Groups Go from Fish to Chips”.
723
Hille, Yang, and Liu, “Huawei Develops Plan for Chip Plant”.
724
Duthoit, “China: Riding the Silicon Ox?”
725
Ting-Fang and Li, “China’s SMIC Stockpiles Chip Equipment”.
726
Babones, “China’s Drive to Make Semiconductor Chips Is Failing”.
727
Eliza Gkritsi, “A Chinese Firm Made a Memory Chip That Can Compete with Samsung. What’s Next?”, Technode. com, April 23, 2020, https://technode. com/2020/04/23/ymtc-memory-chip.
728
Cheng Ting-Fang, “China’s Top Maker of Memory Chips Plans to Double Output in 2021”, Nikkei Asia, January 12, 2021, https://asia. nikkei. com/Business/China-tech/China-s-top-maker-of-memory-chips-plans-to-double-output-in‐2021.
729
Varas and Varadarajan, “How Restrictions to Trade with China Could End US Leadership”.
730
“SIA Urges U. S. Government Action”, Semiconductor Industry Association.
731
“China’s “Dual-Circulation” Strategy Means Relying Less on Foreigners”, Economist, November 7, 2020, https://www. economist. com/china/2020/11/07/chinas-dual-circulation-strategy-means-relying-less-on-foreigners.
732
Duthoit, “China: Riding the Silicon Ox?”
