Владыки мира. Краткая история Италии от Древнего Рима до наших дней - Росс Кинг

2. Aeneid, l. 282.

3. Dante, Inferno, canto XXXIII, l. 80; Petrarch, Canzoniere, CXLVI, ll. 13–14; Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities, Book 1, XXXVII.

4. Cosimo Posth et al., ‘The Origin and Legacy of the Etruscans through a 2000-year Archeogenomic Time Transect’, Science Advances, vol. 7, issue 39 (September 2021).

5. О политических граффити и прочих предвыборных вопросах: Matthew Dillon and Lynda Garland, Ancient Rome: From the Early Republic to the Assassination of Julius Caesar (Abingdon: Routledge, 2005), pp. 78–80.

2. «Жребий брошен»: кризис Римской республики

1. Aulus Gellius, Attic Nights, vol. 2, books 6–13, trans. J.C. Rolfe, Loeb Classical Library 200 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1927), p. 299. For the Sanskrit origin, see Carl Darling Buck, A Grammar of Oscan and Umbrian (Boston: Ginn & Co., 1904), p. 33.

2. Cicero, Pro Caelio. De Provinciis Consularibus. Pro Balbo, trans. R. Gardner, Loeb Classical Library 447 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1958), p. 665.

3. Plutarch, Lives, vol. 7, trans. Bernadotte Perrin, Loeb Classical Library 99 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1919), p. 589.

4. Suetonius, Lives of the Caesars, vol. 1, trans. K.R. Bradley, Loeb Classical Library 31 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1914), p. 141.

3. «Мира владыки»: Римская империя

1. Lives of the Caesars, p. 193.

2. Речь приводится в Tacitus, Annals, Book 11, trans. John Jackson, Loeb Classical Library 312 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1937), pp. 285–291.

3. Цитируется по Aude Chatelard, ‘Women as Legal Minors and Their Citizenship in Republican Rome’, trans. Anne Stevens, Clio: Women, Gender, History, no. 43 (2016), p. 24.

4. Werner Riess, ‘Rari Exempli Femina: Female Virtues on Roman Funerary Inscriptions’, in Sharon L. James and Sheila Dillon, eds., A Companion to Women in the Ancient World (Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, 2012), p. 493.

5. Appian, Roman History, vol. 5, ed. and trans. Brian McGing, Loeb Classical Library 543 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2020), pp. 245–247.

6. Tacitus, Annals, p. 281.

7. Tacitus, Annals, p. 283.

8. Описания казней у Тацита: Annals, p. 285.

9. Suetonius, Lives of the Caesars, vol. II, trans. J.C. Rolfe, Loeb Classical Library 38 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1914), p. 171.

4. «От царства золота до царства железа и ражвчины»: закат и падение империи

1. Tacitus, Agricola. Germania. Dialogue on Oratory, trans. M. Hutton and W. Peterson, revised by R.M. Ogilvie, E.H. Warmington and Michael Winterbottom, Loeb Classical Library 35 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1914), p. 81.

2. Pliny the Younger, Letters, Volume II: Books 8–10. Panegyricus, p. 325.

3. H.M.D. Parker, A History of the Roman World from A.D. 138 to 337 (London: Methuen, 1935), p. 20.

4. Dio Cassius, Roman History, trans. Earnest Cary, Loeb Classical Library 177 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1927), p. 69.

5. Alexander Demandt, Der Fall Roms: Die Auflösung der Römischen Reiches im Urteil der Nachwelt (Munich: C.H. Beck, 1984).

6. Augustus J.C. Hare, Walks in Rome (London: George Allen, 1893), vol. 1, p. 235.

7. Tenney Frank, ‘Race Mixture in the Roman Empire’, The American Historical Review, vol. 21 (July 1916), p. 690.

8. ‘Satire 13’, l. 30, in Juvenal and Persius, ed. and trans. Susanna Morton Braund, Loeb Classical Library 91 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2004).

9. См. сайт https//pharso.vassarspaces.net; интересная дискуссия на тему множества обсуждаемых вопросов: Jamie Mackay, ‘The Whitewashing of Rome’, Aeon, 25 June 2021, available online.

10. Carl-Johan Dalgaard et al., ‘Roman Roads to Prosperity: Persistence and Non-Persistence of Public Infrastructure’, in Journal of Comparative Economics, vol. 50 (December 2022), pp. 896–916.

5. Готы, лангобарды, франки, сарацины и норманны: Италия под «варварами»

1. См. Peter Heather, The Fall of the Roman Empire: A New History of Rome and the Barbarians (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006); и Bryan Ward-Perkins, The Fall of Rome and the End of Civilization (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005).

2. Цитируется по Jonathan J. Arnold, Theoderic and the Roman Imperial Restoration (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014), p. 1.

3. Между первым и пятым веками население Европы могло сократиться с 33 до 18 миллионов человек: Alexander B. Murphy et al., The European Culture Area: A Systematic Geography (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2009), p. 72. О депопуляции Рима см. Gino Luzzatto, An Economic History of Italy from the Fall of the Roman Empire to the Beginning of the Sixteenth Century, trans. Philip Jones (London: Routledge, 1961), p. 48.

4. Оценки сильно разнятся, один ученый даже приводит цифру 300 000: Gabriella Piccinni, I Mille Anni del Medioevo (Milano: Mondadori), p. 44.

5. Ferdinand Gregorovius, History of the City of Rome in the Middle Ages, trans. Annie Hamilton, vol. 2 (London: George Bell, 1894), p. 17.

6. Цитируется по Francesco Cognasso, ‘Carlomagno, Re dei Franchi e dei Longobardi, Imperatore Romano’, Enciclopedia Italiana (1931), online edition; my translation.

7. David J. Hay, The Military Leadership of Matilda of Canossa (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2008), p. 40.

8. См. Giuseppe Perta, ‘Fragile Borders beyond the Strait: Saracen Raids on the Italian Peninsula (8th–11th century A.D.)’, in Giuseppe d’Angelo and Jorge Martins Ribeiro, eds., Borders and Conflicts in the Mediterranean Basin (Fisciano, IT: ICSR Mediterranean Knowledge), p. 150; my translation. О том, что Савдан происходил, возможно, из африканской страны к югу от Сахары: Alex Metcalfe, The Muslims of Medieval Italy (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2009), p. 21.

9. Amatus of Montecassino, The History of the Normans, trans. Prescott N. Dunbar (Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell Press, 2004), pp. 50–1.

10. The Alexiad of the Princess Anna Comnena, trans. Elizabeth A.S. Dawes (London: Kegan, Paul, Trench & Trübner, 1928), p. 27.

6. «Все города Италии»: Средние века

1. The Itinerary of Benjamin of Tudela, ed. M.N. Adler (London: Henry Frowde, 1907), p. 5.

2. Об этой статистике: Daniel Waley, The Italian City-Republics (London: Longman, 1978), p. xvii.

3. Michele Renee Salzman, Crises, Resilience and Resurgence in Late Antiquity (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2021), p. 158.

4. Michelet, La Sorcière (Paris, 1862), p. 110.

5. Pierre Toubert, Les Structures du Latium Médiéval (Rome: École Français de Rome, 1973).

6. Werner Rösener, Peasants in the Middle Ages, trans. Alexander Stützer (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1992), pp. 43, 117.

7. E.A. Weiss, Spice Crops (Abingdon, Oxon: CABI Publishing, 2002), p. 156.

8. Lauro Martines, Power and Imagination: City-States in Renaissance Italy (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1979), p. 34.

9. Dante, ‘Purgatorio’, VI,