Краткая история тела. 24 часа из жизни тела: секс, еда, сон, работа - Дженнифер Акерман

491

K. Spiegel et al., “Brief communication: sleep curtailment in healthy young men is associated with decreased leptin levels, elevated ghrelin levels, and increased hunger and appetite”, Annals of Internal Medicine 141, 846–850 (2004); см. также: K. Spiegel, “Sleep curtailment results in decreased leptin levels and increased hunger and appetite”, Sleep 26 (abstract supp.), A174 (2003).

492

J. E. Gagngwisch et al., “Inadequate sleep as a risk factor for obesity: analyses of the NHANES I”, Sleep 28:10, 1217–1220 (2005). Об аналогичном исследовании, касающемся детей, см.: J.-P. Chaput et al., “Relationship between short sleeping hours and childhood overweight/obesity: results from the ‘Quebec en Forme’ Project”, International Journal of Obesity 30:7, 1080–1085 (2006).

493

Sanjay Patel at the American Thoracic Society international conference, May 23, 2006, San Diego.

494

A. Rechtschaffen and B. M. Bergmann, “Sleep deprivation in the rat: an update of 1989 paper”, Sleep 25, 18–24 (2002); интервью с Рехтшаффеном, 16 февраля 2005 года.

495

J. M. Siegel, “Clues to the functions of mammalian sleep”, Nature 437, 1264–1271 (2005); Siegel, “The phylogeny of sleep”; Siegel, “Why we sleep”.

496

Siegel, “Clues to the functions of mammalian sleep”; J. M. Siegel and M. A. Rogawski, “A function for REM sleep: regulation of noradrenergic receptor sensitivity”, Brain Research Review 13, 213–233 (1988).

497

M. J. Morrissey, “Paradoxical sleep and its role in the prevention of apoptosis in the developing brain”, Sleep 26 (abstract supp.), A46 (2003).

498

M. Cheour et al., “Speech sounds learned by sleeping newborns”, Nature 415, 599–600 (2002).

499

R. Stickgold et al., “Visual discrimination learning requires sleep after training”, Nature Neuroscience 3, 1237–1238 (2000); M. P. Walker et al., “Practice with sleep makes perfect: sleep-dependent motor skill learning”, Neuron 35, 205–211 (2002).

500

P. Maquet et al., “Experience-dependent changes in cerebral activation during REM sleep”, Nature Neuroscience 3:8, 831–836 (2000).

501

P. Peigneux et al., “Are spatial memories strengthened in the human hippocampus during slow-wave sleep?”, Neuron 44, 535–545 (2004).

502

I. S. Hairston and R. R. Knight, “Sleep on it”, Nature 430, 27–28 (2004).

503

R. Huber et al., “Local sleep and learning”, Nature 430, 78–81 (2004).

504

U. Wagner et al., “Sleep inspires insight”, Nature 427, 352–355 (2004).

505

Lavie, The Enchanted World of Sleep, 90.

506

Lavie, The Enchanted World of Sleep, 90; James Pope Hennessy, Robert Louis Stevenson (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1975), 207; Stevenson, Across the Plain, http://sunsite. berleley. edu/literature/stevenson/plains/plains8.html.

507

Lavie, The Enchanted World of Sleep, 90; Paolo Mazzarello, “What dreams may come”, Nature 408, 523 (2000); Dement and Vaughan, The Promise of Sleep, 321. ГЛАВА 13

508

M. A. Carskadon et al., “Sleep and daytime sleepiness in the elderly”, Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 13:2, 135–151 (1980); R. M. Coleman et al., “Sleep-wake disorders in the elderly: polysomnographic analysis”, Journal of the American Geriatric Society 27:9, 289–296 (1981); William C. Dement and Christopher Vaughan, The Promise of Sleep (New York: Dell, 2000), 121; см. также: D. J. Dijk et al., “Age-related increase in awakenings: impaired consolidation of non-REM sleep at all circadian phases”, Sleep 24:5, 565–577 (2001).

509

E. Van Cauter, “Age-related changes in slow wave sleep and REM sleep and relationship with growth hormone and cortisol levels in healthy men”, Journal of the American Medical Association 284, 861–868 (2000).

510

J. F. Duffy et al., “Later engodenous circadian temperature nadir relative to an earlier wake time in older people”, American Journal of Physiology 275:5 (part 2), R1478–1487 (1998); E. Van Cauter et al., “Effects of gender and age on the levels of circadian rhythmicity of plasma cortisol”, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 81, 2468–2473 (1996); T. Reilly et al., “Aging, rhythms of physical performance, and adjustment to changes in the sleep-activity cycle”, Occupational and Environmental Medicine 54, 812–816 (1997); J. F. Duffy and C. A. Czeisler, “Age-related change in the relationship between circadian period, circadian phase, and diurnal preference in humans”, Neuroscience Letters 318:3, 117–120 (2002); C. A. Czeisler et al., “Association of sleep-wake habits in older people with changes in output of circadian pacemaker”, Lancet 340, 933–936 (1992); F. Aujard et al., “Circadian rhythms in firing rate of individual suprachiasmatic nucleus neurons from adult and middle-aged mice”, Neuroscience 106:2, 255–261 (2001); E. Satinoff, “Patterns of circadian body temperature rhythms in aged rats”, Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology 25:2, 135–140 (1998).

511

W. N. Charman, “Age, lens transmittance, and the possible effects of light on melatonin suppression”, Ophtalmatic and Physiological Optics 23, 181–187 (2003).

512

M. D. Madeira et al., “Age and sex do not affect the volume, cell numbers, or cell size of the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the rat: an unbiased stereological study”, Journal of Comparative Neurology 361:4, 585–601 (1995).

513

S. Yamazaki, “Effects of aging on central and peripheral mammalian clocks”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 99:16, 10801–10806 (2002); F. Aujard et al., “Circadian rhythms in firing rate”; D. E. Kolker, “Aging alters circadian and light-induced expression of clock genes in golden hamsters”, Journal of Biological Rhythms 18:2, 159–169 (2003).

514

C. M. Worthman and M. Melby, “Toward a comparative developmental ecology of human sleep”, in M. A. Carskadon, ed., Adolescent Sleep Patterns: Biological, Social, and Psychological Influences (New York: Cambridge University Press), 69–117; интервью с Кэрол Уортман, 8 августа 2006 года.

515

A. Roger Ekirch, At Day’s Close (New York: Norton, 2005).

516

I. Tobler, “Napping and polyphasic sleep in mammals”, in D. F. Dinges and R. J. Broughton, eds., Sleep and Alertness: Chronobiological, Behavioral, and Medical Aspects of Napping (New York: Raven Press, 1989), 9–30.

517

T. A. Wehr, “In short photoperiods human sleep is biphasic”, Journal of Sleep Research 1:2, 103–107 (1992).

518

H. Ohta et al., “Constant light desynchronizes mammalian clock neurons”, Nature Neuroscience 8:3, 267–269 (2005).

519

J. M. Zeitzer et al., “Temporal dynamics of late-night photic stimulation of the human circadian timing system”, American Journal of Physiology: Regulatory, Integrative, and Comparative Physiology 289:3, R839–844 (2005).

520

D. B. Boivin et al., “Dose-response relationships for resetting of human circadian clock by light”, Nature 379, 540–542 (1996).

521

S. B. S. Khalsa et al., “A phase response curve to single light pulses in human subjects”, Journal