Роб Найт - Смотри, что у тебя внутри. Как микробы, живущие в нашем теле, определяют наше здоровье и нашу личность

Все ошибки и неточности, конечно, на моей совести, хотя в написании книги активное участие принимал Брендон.

Сноски

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Следует отметить, что последний доклад Американской академии микробиологии снижает это соотношение до 3:1 в основном за счет увеличения числа подсчитанных клеток человека. Но в любом случае численный перевес на стороне микробов. См.: http://academy.asm.org/index.php/faq-series/5122humanmicrobiome.

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Доступно онлайн: проект “Гутенберг”, www.gutenberg.org/files/1228/1228-h/1228-h.htm.

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N. O. Verhulst et al., “Composition of Human Skin Microbiota Affects Attractiveness to Malaria Mosquitoes,” PloS One 6, no. 12 (2011): e28991.

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E. A. Grice et al., “Topographical and Temporal Diversity of the Human Skin Microbiome,” Science 324, no. 5931 (May 29, 2009): 1190–92; E. K. Costello et al., “Bacterial Community Variation in Human Body Habitats Across Space and Time,” Science 326, no. 5960 (December 18, 2009): 1694–97.

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F. R. Blattner et al., “The Complete Genome Sequence of Escherichia Coli K-12,” Science 277, no. 5331 (September 5, 1997): 1453–62.

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R. H. MacArthur and E. O. Wil-son, The Theory of Island Biogeography. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2001.

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N. Fierer et al., “Forensic Identification Using Skin Bacterial Communities,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 107, no. 14 (April 6, 2010): 6477–81.

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“Место преступления: Майами”: “CSI: Miami Season 9,” Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_CSI:_Miami_episodes#Season_9:_2010.E2.80.932011.

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Для очень познавательного и развлекательного введения в “сад нашего тела” см.: Mary Roach, Stiff: The Curious Lives of Human Cadavers. New York: W. W. Norton, 2004.

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Meagan B. Gallagher, Sonia Sandhu, and Robert Kimsey, “Variation in Developmental Time for Geographically Distinct Populations of the Common Green Bottle Fly, Lucilia sericata (Meigen),” Journal of Forensic Sciences 55, no. 2 (March 2010): 438–42.

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O. S. Von Ehrenstein et al., “Reduced Risk of Hay Fever and Asthma Among Children of Farmers,” Clinical and Experimental Allergy: Journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology 30, no. 2 (February 2000): 187–93; E. von Mutius and D. Vercelli, “Farm Living: Effects on Childhood Asthma and Allergy,” Nature Reviews Immunology 10, no. 12 (December 2010): 861–68.

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E. S. Charlson et al., “Assessing Bacterial Populations in the Lung by Replicate Analysis of Samples from the Upper and Lower Respiratory Tracts,” PloS One 7, no. 9 (2012): e42786; E. S. Charlson et al., “Topographical Continuity of Bacterial Populations in the Healthy Human Respiratory Tract,” American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 184, no. 8 (October 15, 2011): 957–63.

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J. K. Harris et al., “Molecular Identification of Bacteria in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid from Children with Cystic Fibrosis,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 104, no. 51 (December 18, 2007): 20529–33.

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E. S. Charlson et al., “Topographical Continuity of Bacterial Populations in the Healthy Human Respiratory Tract,” American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 184, no. 8 (October 15, 2011): 957–63.

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A. Morris et al., “Comparison of the Respiratory Microbiome in Healthy Nonsmokers and Smokers,” American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 187, no. 10 (May 15, 2013): 1067–75.

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O. E. Cornejo et al., “Evolutionary and Population Genomics of the Cavity Causing Bacteria Streptococcus Mutans,” Molecular Biology and Evolution 30, no. 4 (April 2013): 881–93.

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J. Slots, “The Predominant Cultivable Microflora of Advanced Periodontitis,” Scandinavian Journal of Dental Research 85, no. 2 (January/February 1977): 114–21.

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M. Castellarin et al., “Fusobacterium Nucleatum Infection Is Prevalent in Human Colorectal Carcinoma,” Genome Research 22, no. 2 (February 2012): 299–306; M. R. Rubinstein et al., “Fusobacterium Nucleatum Promotes Colorectal Carcinogenesis by Modulating E-Cadherin/BetaCatenin Signaling via Its FadA Adhesin,” Cell Host & Microbe 14, no. 2 (August 14, 2013): 195–206; A. D. Kostic et al., “Fusobacterium Nucleatum Potentiates Intestinal Tumorigenesis and Modulates the Tumor-Immune Microenvironment,” Cell Host & Microbe 14 (2013): 207–15; R. L. Warren et al., “Co-occurrence of Anaerobic Bacteria in Colorectal Carcinomas,” Microbiome 1, no. 1 (May 15, 2013): 16; L. Flanagan et al., “Fusobacterium Nucleatum Associates with Stages of Colorectal Neoplasia Development, Colorectal Cancer and Disease Outcome,” European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases: Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology 33, no. 8 (August 2014): 1381–90.

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D. Falush et al., “Traces of Human Migrations in Helicobacter Pylori Populations,” Science 299, no. 5612 (March 7, 2003): 1582–85.

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P. B. Eckburg et al., “Diversity of the Human Intestinal Microbial Flora,” Science 308, no. 5728 (June 10, 2005): 1635–38.

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M. Hamady and R. Knight, “Microbial Community Profiling for Human Microbiome Projects: Tools, Techniques, and Challenges,” Genome Research 19, no. 7 (July 2009): 1141–52.

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Human Microbiome Project Consortium, “Structure, Function and Diversity of the Healthy Human Microbiome,” Nature 486, no. 7402 (June 13, 2012): 207–14.

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Eckburg et al., “Diversity of the Human Intestinal Microbial Flora,” 1635–38.

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R. E. Ley et al., “Microbial Ecology: Human Gut Microbes Associated with Obesity,” Nature 444, no. 7122 (December 21, 2006): 1022–23; P. J. Turnbaugh et al., “A Core Gut Microbiome in Obese and Lean Twins,” Nature 457, no. 7228 (January 22, 2009): 480–84; J. Henao-Mejia et al., “Inflammasome-Mediated Dysbiosis Regulates Progression of NAFLD and Obesity,” Nature 482, no. 7384 (February 1, 2012): 179–85; V. K. Ridaura et al., “Gut Microbiota from Twins Discordant for Obesity Modulate Metabolism in Mice,” Science 341, no. 6150 (September 6, 2013): 1241214; M. L. Zupancic et al., “Analysis of the Gut Microbiota in the Old Order Amish and Its Relation to the Metabolic Syndrome,” PloS One 7, no. 8 (2012): e43052; D. Knights et al., “HumanAssociated Microbial Signatures: Examining Their Predictive Value,” Cell Host & Microbe 10, no. 4 (October 20, 2011): 292–96; E. Le Chatelier et al., “Richness of Human Gut Microbiome Correlates with Metabolic Markers,” Nature 500, no. 7464 (August 29, 2013): 541–46; A. Cotillard et al., “Dietary Intervention Impact on Gut Microbial Gene Richness,” Nature 500, no. 7464 (August 29, 2013): 585–88.

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R. A. Koeth et al., “Intestinal Microbiota Metabolism of L–Carnitine, a Nutrient in Red Meat, Promotes Atherosclerosis,” Nature Medicine 19, no. 5 (May 2013): 576–85; W. H. Tang et al., “Intestinal Microbial Metabolism of Phosphatidylcholine and Cardiovascular Risk,” New England Journal of Medicine 368, no. 17 (April 25, 2013): 1575–84.

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Y. K. Lee et al., “Proinflammatory T-cell Responses to Gut Microbiota Promote Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis,” supplement 1, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 108 (March 15, 2011): 4615–22; K. Berer et al., “Commensal Microbiota and Myelin Autoantigen Cooperate to Trigger Autoimmune Demyelination,” Nature 479 (2011): 538–41.

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E. Y. Hsiao et al., “Microbiota Modulate Behavioral and Physiological Abnormalities Associated with Neurodevelopmental Disorders,” Cell 155, no. 7 (December 19, 2013): 1451–63.

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P. Gajer et al., “Temporal Dynamics of the Human Vaginal Microbiota,” Science Translational Medicine 4, no. 132 (May 2, 2012): 132ra52; J. Ravel et al., “Daily Temporal Dynamics of Vaginal Microbiota Before, During and After Episodes of Bacterial Vaginosis,” Microbiome 1, no. 1 (December 2, 2013): 29.

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R. Romero et al., “The Composition and Stability of the Vaginal Microbiota of Normal Pregnant Women Is Different from That of Non-Pregnant Women,” Microbiome 2, no. 1 (Febuary3, 2014): 4.

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O. Koren et al., “Host Remodeling of the Gut Microbiome and Metabolic Changes During Pregnancy,” Cell 150, no. 3 (August 3, 2012): 470–80.

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K. Aagaard et al., “The Placenta Harbors a Unique Microbiome,” Science Translational Medicine 6, no. 237 (May 21, 2014): 237ra65.

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Romero et al., “Composition and Stability of Vaginal Microbiota of Normal Pregnant Women Different from That of Non-Pregnant Women.”

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Michelle K. Osterman and Joyce A. Martin, “Changes in Cesarean Delivery Rates by Gestational Age: United States, 1996–2011,” NCHS Data Brief, no. 124, June 2013: 1–8; Luz Gibbons et al., The Global Numbers and Costs of Additionally Needed and Unnecessary Cesarean Sections Performed per Year: Overuse as a Barrier to Universal Coverage. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 2010.

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M. G. Dominguez-Bello et al., “Delivery Mode Shapes the Acquisition and Structure of the Initial Microbiota Across Multiple Body Habitats in Newborns,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 107, no. 26 (June 29, 2010): 11971–75.

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G. V. Guibas et al., “Conception via In Vitro Fertilization and Delivery by Caesarean Section Are Associated with Paediatric Asthma Incidence,” Clinical and Experimental Allergy: Journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology 43, no. 9 (September 2013): 1058–66; L. Braback, A. Lowe, and A. Hjern, “Elective Cesarean Section and Childhood Asthma,” American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 209, no. 5 (November 2013): 496; C. Roduit et al., “Asthma at 8 Years of Age in Children Born by Caesarean Section,” Thorax 64, no. 2 (February 2009): 107–13; M. C. Tollanes et al., “Cesarean Section and Risk of Severe Childhood Asthma: A Population-Based Cohort Study,” Journal of Pediatrics 153, no. 1 (July 2008): 112–16; B. Xu et al., “Caesarean Section and Risk of Asthma and Allergy in Adulthood,” Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 107, no. 4 (April 2001): 732–33.

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M. Z. Goldani et al., “Cesarean Section and Increased Body Mass Index in School Children: Two Cohort Studies from Distinct Socioeconomic Background Areas in Brazil,” Nutrition Journal 12, no. 1 (July 25, 2013): 104; A. A. Mamun et al., “Cesarean Delivery and the Long-term Risk of Offspring Obesity,” Obstetrics and Gynecology 122, no. 6 (December 2013): 1176–83; D. N. Mesquita et al., “Cesarean Section Is Associated with Increased Peripheral and Central Adiposity in Young Adulthood: Cohort Study,” PloS One 8, no. 6 (June 27, 2013): e66827; K. Flemming et al., “The Association Between Caesarean Section and Childhood Obesity Revisited: A Cohort Study,” Archives of Disease in Childhood 98, no. 7 (July 2013): 526–32; E. Svensson et al., “Caesarean Section and Body Mass Index Among Danish Men,” Obesity 21, no. 3 (March 2013): 429–33; H. T. Li, Y. B. Zhou, and J. M. Liu, “The Impact of Cesarean Section on Offspring Overweight and Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis,” International Journal of Obesity 37, no. 7 (July 2013): 893–99; H. A. Goldani et al., “Cesarean Delivery Is Associated with an Increased Risk of Obesity in Adulthood in a Brazilian Birth Cohort Study,” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 93, no. 6 (June 2011): 1344–47; L. Zhou et al., “Risk Factors of Obesity in Preschool Children in an Urban Area in China,” European Journal of Pediatrics 170, no. 11 (November 2011): 1401–6.