Карен Армстронг - Поля крови. Религия и история насилия

Thomas L. Friedman, ‘Allies’, New York Times, 7 June 1995

1665

Cook, Understanding Jihad, pp. 119–21

1666

Mahmoun Fandy, Saudi Arabia and the Politics of Dissent (New York, 1999), p. 183

1667

Kepel, Jihad, pp. 223–26

1668

Cook, Understanding Jihad, pp. 135–36; Marc Sageman, Leaderless Jihad: Terror Networks in the Twenty-First Century (Philadelphia, 2008), pp. 44–46; Burke, Al-Qaeda, pp. 118–35

1669

Hegghammer, Jihad in Saudi Arabia, pp. 229

1670

Burke, Al-Qaeda, pp. 7–8

1671

Esposito, Unholy War, p. 14

1672

Ibid., pp. 6, 8

1673

Kepel, Jihad, pp. 13–14

1674

Burke, Al-Qaeda, pp. 161–64; DeLong-Bas, Wahhabi Islam, pp. 276–77

1675

Esposito, Unholy War, pp. 21–22; Burke, Al-Qaeda, pp. 175–76

1676

Hegghammer, Jihad in Saudi Arabia, pp. 102–03

1677

Osama bin Laden, ‘Hunting the Enemy’; Esposito, Unholy War, p. 24

1678

Burke, Al-Qaeda, p. 163

1679

Hegghammer, Jihad in Saudi Arabia, pp. 133–41

1680

Ibid., p. 133

1681

Ibid., p. 134.

1682

Matthew Purdy and Lowell Bergman, ‘Where the Trail Led: Between Evidence and Suspicion; Unclear Danger: Inside the Lackawanna Terror Case’, New York Times, 12 October 2003

1683

Cook, Understanding Jihad, p. 150; Sageman, Leaderless Jihad, p. 81

1684

Cook, Understanding Jihad, pp. 136–41

1685

Abu Daud, Sunan (Beirut, 1988), 3, p. 108, no. 4297; trans. Cook, Understanding Jihad, p. 137

1686

Коран 2:249; Burke, Al-Qaeda, pp. 24–25

1687

Коран 2:194; Communiqué from Qaidat al-Jihad, 24 April 2002; Cook, Understanding Jihad, p. 178

1688

Sageman, Leaderless Jihad, pp. 81–82

1689

Marc Sageman, Understanding Terror Networks (Philadelphia, 2004), pp. 103–08

1690

Sageman, Leaderless Jihad, pp. 59–60

1691

Ibid., p. 28

1692

Ibid., p. 57

1693

Timothy McDermott, Perfect Soldiers. The 9 / 11 Hijackers: Who They Were, Why They Did It (New York, 2005), p. 65

1694

Fraser Egerton, Jihad in the West: The Rise of Militant Salafism (Cambridge, UK, 2011), pp. 155–56

1695

Sageman, Understanding Terror Networks, p. 105

1696

Antony Giddens, The Consequences of Modernity (Cambridge, UK, 1991), p. 53

1697

Osama bin Laden, ‘Hunting the Enemy’, in Esposito, Unholy War, p. 23

1698

Andrew Sullivan, ‘This Is a Religious War’, New York Times Magazine, 7 October 2001

1699

William T. Cavanaugh, The Myth of Religious Violence (Oxford, 2009), p. 204

1700

Emanuel Sivan, Arab Historiography of the Crusades (Tel Aviv, 1973)

1701

Hegghammer, Jihad in Saudi Arabia, pp. 104–05

1702

См. перевод текста в: Bruce Lincoln, Holy Terrors: Thinking about Religion after September 11, 2nd ed. (Chicago, 2006), Appendix A, ‘Final Instructions to the Hijackers of September, 11, Found in the Luggage of Muhammad Atta and Two Other Copies’. Найдены были еще две копии: в машине одного из террористов, в которой тот ехал, прежде чем воспользоваться рейсом 77 American Airlines на Вашингтон, и в Пенсильвании на месте падения самолета, следовавшего рейсом 93 United Airlines.

1703

См., напр., пункты 10, 24 и 30 «последних инструкций» в: Lincoln, Holy Terrors, p. 98, 100–101

1704

Ibid., пункт 1; Lincoln, Holy Terrors, p. 97

1705

См… Cook, Understanding Jihad, Appendix 6, p. 196; Lincoln, p. 97

1706

См. пункт 14 в: Cook, Understanding Jihad, p. 197; Lincoln, Holy Terrors, p. 98

1707

См. пункт 16 в: Cook, Understanding Jihad, p. 197

1708

Ibid., Lincoln, Holy Terrors, p. 200

1709

Ibid.

1710

Ibid., p. 201

1711

Cook, Understanding Jihad, p. 234, прим. 37

1712

Коран 3:173–174

1713

Cook, Understanding Jihad, Appendix 6, p. 198

1714

Ibid., p. 201

1715

Louis Atiyat Allah, ‘Moments Before the Crash, By the Lord of the 19’ (22 January 2003), ibid., Appendix 7, p. 203

1716

Ibid., p. 207

1717

Ibid.

1718

Ibid.

1719

Osama bin Laden, videotaped address, 7 October 2001, Appendix C in Lincoln, Holy Terrors, p. 106, para. 1

1720

Hamid Mir, ‘Osama claims he has nukes. If US uses N. Arms it will get the same response’, Dawn: The Internet Edition, 10 November 2001

1721

Ibid., paras 3, 6, 8, 9, 11, in Lincoln, Holy Terrors, pp. 106–07

1722

‘George W. Bush, Address to the Nation, October 7th, 2001’, Appendix B, in ibid.

1723

Remarks by the President at the Islamic Centre of Washington DC, 17 September 2001, http:/usinfo.state.gov/islam/50917016.htm

1724

‘George W. Bush, Address to the Nation’, p. 104

1725

Paul Rogers, ‘The Global War on Terror and its Impact on the Conduct of War’, in George Kassimeris, The Barbarisation of Warfare (London, 2006), p. 188

1726

Cook, Understanding Jihad, p. 157. Кук комментирует: «К сожалению, в свете того, что мы узнали о тюрьме Абу-Грейб весной 2004 г., этот рассказ не столь неправдоподобен, как может показаться»

1727

Anthony Dworkin, ‘The Laws of War in the Age of Asymmetric Conflict’, in Kassimeris, Barbarisation of Warfare, pp. 220, 233

1728

Joanna Bourke, ‘Barbarisation vs. Civilisation in Time of War’, in ibid., p. 37

1729

Dworkin, ‘Laws of War’, p. 220

1730

Rogers, ‘Global War on Terror’, p. 192

1731

The Guardian, Datablog, 12 April 2013. ООН начала сообщать статистику потерь среди гражданского населения с 2007 г.

1732

Sageman, Leaderless Jihad, pp. 136–37

1733

White House press release, ‘President Discusses the Future of Iraq’, 26 February 2003

1734

White House press release, ‘President Bush Saluting Veterans at White House Ceremony’, 11 November 2002

1735

Timothy H. Parsons, The Rule of Empires: Those Who Built Them, Those Who Endured Them, and Why They Always Fail (Oxford, 2010), pp. 423–50

1736

Bruce Lincoln, Religion, Empire, and Torture: The Case of Achaemenian Persia, with a Postscript on Abu Ghraib (Chicago and London, 2007), pp. 97–99

1737

Ibid., pp. 97–98

1738

Лк. 4:18–19

1739

Lincoln, Religion, Empire and Torture, pp. 101–07

1740

Ibid., pp. 102–03

1741

Susan Sontag, ‘What Have We Done? ’ Guardian, 24 May 2005

1742

Lincoln, Religion, Empire and Torture, pp. 101–02

1743

Parsons, The Rule of Empires, pp. 423–34

1744

Bashir, Friday Prayers, Umm al-Oura, Baghdad, 11 June 2004 in Edward Coy, ‘Iraqis Put Contempt for Troops on Display’, Washington Post, 12 June 2004; Kassimeris, ‘Barbarisation of Warfare’, p. 16

1745

Rogers, ‘Global War on Terror’, pp. 193–94

1746

Dworkin, ‘Laws of War’, p. 253

1747

Sageman, Leaderless Jihad, pp. 139–42

1748

Ibid., pp. 31–32

1749

Michael Bonner, Jihad in Islamic History (Princeton and Oxford, 2006), p. 164

1750

Sageman, Leaderless Jihad, pp. 156–57

1751

Ibid., p. 159.

1752

John L. Esposito and Dahlia Mogahed, Who Speaks for Islam? What a Billion Muslims Really Think; Based on Gallup’s World Poll – the largest study of its kind (New York, 2007), pp. 69–70

1753

Цит. по: Joos R. Hiltermann, A Poisonous Affair: America, Iraq and the Gassing of Halabja (Cambridge, UK, 2007), p. 243

1754

Naureen Shah, ‘Time for the Truth about “targeted killings” ’, Guardian, 22 October 2013

1755

Rafiq ur Rehman, ‘Please tell me, Mr President, why a US drone assassinated my mother’; theguardian.com, 25 October 2013

1756

Коран 29:46. Есть и другие подобные отрывки.

1757

Коран 22:40.

1758

Еще один фактор: господство ваххабитских идей, которые пропагандировались в исламском мире при молчаливом потворстве Соединенных Штатов.

1759

John Fowles, The Magus, revised edition (London, 1987), p. 413.