Артур Миллер - Империя звезд, или Белые карлики и черные дыры

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Примечания

1

Этот лекционный зал был открыт в 1874 году, когда Королевское астрономическое общество переехало в Сомерсет-Хаус. В 1969 году зал был перестроен и разделен на два офисных помещения.

2

У Чандры было шесть сестер: Раялакшми (Рахам) (старшая), Балапарвати (Бала), Сарада, Видия, Савитри и Сундари — и три брата: Висванатан (Вишвам), Балакришнан и Раманатам.

3

Бабу — на тамильском языке «отец» (ласково), джи — «уважаемый». (Примеч. редактора.)

4

В 1905 году Эйнштейн предположил, что свет представляет собой поток частиц (фотонов). Отец и сын Томсоны сделали открытия, стоящие в ряду самых поразительных в истории физики. Дж. Дж. Томсон открыл электрон и получил за это Нобелевскую премию в 1906 году: Джордж, сын Дж. Дж. Томсона, продемонстрировал, что электрон обладает волновыми свойствами, и в 1937 году тоже получил Нобелевскую премию.

5

Две старших сестры Лалиты стали врачами, младшая получила диплом магистра по санскриту. Лалита всю жизнь занималась физикой.

6

В то время астрофизики предполагали, что звезды, и наше Солнце тоже, имеют в основном тот же химический состав, что и Земля, и состоят из таких элементов, как железо, калий, кадмий, кальций, натрий, магний и кремний. Они не включали в этот состав водород, так как его было очень мало на Земле. Но оказалось, что звезды как раз состоят в основном из водорода.

7

Уже незадолго до создания Гейзенбергом квантовой механики физики подвергали сомнению теорию Бора. Они понимали, что на самом деле атомы не являются крохотными солнечными системами и что такие представления о них не способствуют развитию физики. Одним из открытий квантовой теории было то, что электроны имеют волновую природу и распространяются в виде волн, а не движутся по орбитам вокруг ядра. Однако теория Бора стала неоценимым первым шагом в создании атомной физики и до сих пор полезна для понимания химических свойств элементов.