Грегори Кларк - Прощай, нищета! Краткая экономическая история мира
gY = ∑ θigYi ,
где θi — доля товара или услуги i в стоимости продукции. Рост трудового вклада превращается в
gY = ∑ (bi / b)gYi ,
где bj — доля общих выплат собственникам факторов производства, выплачиваемая работникам типа j. Рост запаса капитала аналогично выражается в виде
gY = ∑ (ai / a)gKi .
Библиография
Бугенвиль, Луи Антуан де. Кругосветное путешествие на фрегате „Будёз" и транспорте „Этуалъ" в 1766, 1767, 1768 и 1769 годах. М.: Географгиз, 1961.
Гоббс, Томас. 1991. Левиафан, или Материя, форма и власть государства церковного и гражданского // Томас Гоббс. Сочинения. Т. 2. М.: Мысль, 1991.
Грейф, Авнер. 2011. Институты и путь к современной экономике. М.: ВШЭ.
Даймонд, Джаред. 2010. Ружья, микробы и сталь. Судьбы человеческих обществ. М.: ACT.
Дарвин, Чарлз. 1896. Происхождение человека и половой подбор. М.
— 1953. Путешествие натуралиста вокруг света на корабле „Бигль". М.: Государственное издательство географической литературы.
— 1959. Воспоминания о развитии моего ума и характера// Чарльз Дарвин. Сочинения. Т. 9. М.: Изд-во АН СССр.
— 1991. Происхождение видов путем естественного отбора или сохранение благоприятных рас в борьбе за жизнь. СПб.: Наука.
Истерли, Уильям. 2006. В поисках роста. Приключения экономистов в тропиках. М.: ИКСИ.
Кондорсе, Мари-Жан. Эскиз исторической картины прогресса человеческого разума. М.: Либроком, 2011.
Ле Руа Ладюри, Эммануэль. Застывшая история // THESIS. 1993. Вып. 2. С. 153–173.
Маркс, Карл и Фридрих Энгельс. 1955. Манифест Коммунистической партии //Карл Маркс и Фридрих Энгельс. Сочинения. Т. 4. М.: Государственное издательство политической литературы.
Маркс, Карл. 1959. К критике политической экономии // Карл Маркс и Фридрих Энгельс. Сочинения. Т. 13. М.: Государственное издательство политической литературы.
— 1960. Капитал. Т. 1 // Карл Маркс и Фридрих Энгельс. Сочинения. Т. 23. М.: Государственное издательство политической литературы.
Мокир, Джоэл. 2012. Дары Афины: исторические основания экономики знаний. М.: Издательство Института Гайдара.
Норт, Дуглас. Функционирование экономики во времени //Отечественные записки. 2004. №6. С. 88–103.
Олсон, Мансур. 2010. Демократия, диктатура и развитие // Экономическая политика. № 1. С. 167–183.
Рикардо, Давид. 2007. Начала политической экономии и налогового обложения. Избранное. М.: Эксмо.
Салинз, Маршалл. 1999. Экономика каменного века. М.: ОГИ.
Abernathy, Frederick Н., Anthony Volpe, and David Weil. 2005. «The Apparel and Textile Industries After 2005: Prospects and Choices for Public and Private Actors». Working Paper, Harvard Center for Textile and Apparel Research, Cambridge, Mass.
Abramovitz, Moses. 1956. «Resource and Output Trends in the United States since 1870». American Economic Review 46: 5-23.
Acemoglu, Daron, Simon Johnson, and James A.Robinson. 2001. «The Colonial Origins of Comparative Development: An Empirical Investigation». American Economic Review 91 (5): 1369–1401.
— 2002. «Reversal of Fortune: Geography and Institutions in the Making of the Modern World Income Distribution Quarterly Journal of Economics 118: 1231–1294.
— 2005a. «The Rise of Europe: Atlantic Trade, Institutional Change, and Economic Growth». American Economic Review 95 (3): 546–579.
— 2005b. institutions as the Fundamental Cause of Long-Run Growth». In Handbook of Economic Growth, eds. Philippe Aghion and Steve Durlauf. Philadelphia: Elsevier, pp. 385–471.
A'Hearn, Brian. 2003. «Anthropometric Evidence on Living Standards in Northern Italy, 1730–1860». Journal of Economic History 63 (2): 351–381.
Alam, M.Shahid. 1987. «Some European Perceptions of Japan's Work-Ethos in the Tokugawa Era: A Limited Survey of Observations from the West's First Encounters Offers Parallels to Today's». American Journal of Economics and Sociology 46 (2): 229–243.
Allen, Marion E. 1989. Wills of the Archdeaconry of Suffolk, 1620–1624. Wood-bridge, Suffolk, U.K.: Boydell Press.
Allen, Robert C. 2001. «The Great Divergence in European Wages and Prices from the Middle Ages to the First World War». Explorations in Economic History 38 (4): 411–448.
— 2005. «Capital Accumulation, Technological Change, and the Distribution of Income during the British Industrial Revolution. Working Paper, Nuffield College, Oxford.
Angel, J. Lawrence. 1971. The People of Lema: Analysis of a Prehistoric Aegean Population. Athens: American School of Classical Studies.
Arnold, A.J., and Sean McCartney. 2005. «Rates of Return, Concentration Levels and Strategic Change in the British Railway Industry, 1830–1912». Journal of Transport History 26 (1): 41–60.
Austen, Jane. 1957. Sense and Sensibility. New York: Heritage Press.
Bagnall, Roger S., and Bruce W. Frier. 1994. The Demography of Roman Egypt. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press.
Balke, Nathan S., and Robert J. Gordon. 1989. «The Estimation of Prewar Gross National Product: Methodology and New Evidences Journal of Political Economy 97: 38–92.
Banks, Joseph. 1962. The Endeavour Journal of Joseph Banks, 1768-71, Vol.1, ed. J. C. Beaglehole. Sydney: Angus &Robertson.
Bassino, Jean-Pascal, and DebinMa. 2005. «Japanese Wages in International Perspective, 1741–1913». Research in Economic History 23: 229–248.
Beaglehole, John C. 1974. The Life of Captain James Cook. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press.
Becker, Gary. 1981. A Treatise on the Family. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
Becker, Gary, Kevin Murphy, and Robert Tamura. 1990. «Human Capital, Fertility and Economic Growth». Journal of Political Economy 98: S 12–37.
Bekaert, Geert. 1991. «Calorie Consumption in Industrializing Belgium». Journal of Economic History 51 (3): 633–655.
Benedict, Carol. 1988. «Bubonic Plague in Nineteenth Century China». Modern China 14 (2): 107–155.
Boag, George L. 1912. Manual of Railway Statistics. London: Railway Gazette.
Boaz, Franz. 1891. «Physical Characteristics of the Indians of the North Pacific Coast». American Anthropologist 2 (4): 321–328.
— 1899. «Anthropometry of Shoshonean Tribes». American Anthropologist New Series 1 (4): 751–758.
Boix, Carles, and Frances Rosenbluth. 2004. «Bones of Contention: The Political Economy of Height Inequality». Working Paper, University of Chicago, Department of Political Science.
Borgerhoff-Mulder, Monique. 1987. «On Cultural and Reproductive Success: Kipsigis Evidences American Anthropologist 89: 617–634.
Bougainville, Lewis de. 1772. A Voyage Round the World, trans. John Reinhold Forster. London: J. Nourse.
Brassey, Thomas. 1879. Foreign Work and English Wages. London: Longmans, Green.
Brennan, Lance, John McDonald, and Ralph Shlomowitz. 1997. «Towards an Anthropometric History of Indians Under British Rule». Research in Economic History 17: 185–246.
Broadberry, Steven, and Bishnupriya Gupta. 2006. «The Early Modern Great Divergence: Wages, Prices and Economic Development in Europe and Asia, 1500–1800». Economic History Review 59: 2-31.
Broadberry, S., and D.Irwin. 2004. «Labour Productivity in the US and the U.K. during the 19th Century». Discussion Paper 4596. Centre for Economic Policy Research, London.
Brown, Roger L. 1981. «The Rise and Fall of the Fleet Marriages». In Marriage and Society: Studies in the Social History of Marriage, ed. R. B. Outhwaite. London: Europa Publications, pp. 117–136.
Bruland, Kristine. 1989. British Technology and European Industrialization: The Norwegian Textile Industry in the Mid-Nineteenth Century. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press.
Brunt, P. A. 1971. Italian Manpower, 225 В. C. -14 A. D. London: Oxford University Press.
Buck, John L. 1930. Chinese Farm Economy. Shanghai: University of Nanking.
Bureau of Railway Economics. 1915. Comparative Railway Statistics: United States and Foreign Countries, 1912. Washington, D.C.: Bureau of Railway Economics.
Burnette, Joyce. 1997. «An Investigation of the Female-Male Wage Gap during the Industrial Revolution in Britain». Economic History Review 50 (2): 257–281.
— 2006. «How Skilled Were Agricultural Labourers in the Early Nineteenth Century?» Economic History Review 59 (4): 688–716.
Bythell, Duncan. 1969. The Handloom Weavers: A Study in the English Cotton Industry during the Industrial Revolution. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press.
Campbell, Bruce, James Galloway, Derek Keene, and Margaret Murphy. 1993. A Medieval Capital and Its Grain Supply: Agrarian Production and Distribution in the London Region c. 1300. London; Institute of British Geographers.
Chagnon, Napoleon. 1983. Yanomamo: The Fierce People, 3rd ed. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
— 1988. «Life Histories, Blood Revenge, and Warfare in a Tribal Population». Science 239: 985–992.
Chibi, Andrew A. 1998. «The Social and Regional Origins of the Henrician Episcopacy». Sixteenth Century Journal 29 (4): 955–973.
Cipolla, Carlo M. 1972. «The Diffusion of Innovations in Early Modern Еигоре». Comparative Studies in Society and History 14 (1): 46–52.
— 1993. Before the Industrial Revolution: European Society and Economy, 1000–1700 3rd ed. London:. Routledge.
Clarence-Smith, William Gervase. 2005. «The Cotton Textile Industries of Southeast Asia and 'Bantu' Africa, 1840s to 1950s». London: London School of Economics, Global Economic History Network.
Clark, Gregory. 1987a. «Why Isn't the Whole World Developed? Lessons from the Cotton Mills». Jourmal of Economic History 47: 141–173.
— 1987b. «Productivity Growth Without Technical Change in European Agriculture Before 1850». Journal of Economic History 47: 419–432.
— 1988. «The Cost of Capital and Medieval Agricultural Techniques Explorations in Economic History 25: 265–294.
— 1992. «The Economics of Exhaustion, the Postan Thesis, and the Agricultural Revolution». Journal of Economic History 52 (1): 61–84.
— 1994. «Factory Disciplines». Journal of Economic History 54: 128–163.
— 1996. «The Political Foundations of Modern Economic Growth: England, 1540–1800». Journal of Interdisciplinary History 26: 563–588.
— 1998. «Land Hunger: Land as a Commodity and as a Status Good in England, 1500–1910». Explorations in Economic History 35 (1): 59–82.
— 2001a. «Markets and Economic Growth: The Grain Market of Medieval England». Working Paper, University of California, Davis.
— 2001b. «Farm Wages and Living Standards in the Industrial Revolution: England, 1670–1869». Economic History Review 54 (3): 477–505.
— 2002a. «Farmland Rental Values and Agrarian History: England, 1500–1912». European Review of Economic History 6 (3): 281–309.
— 2002b. «The Agricultural Revolution? England, 1500–1912». Working Paper, University of California, Davis.
— 2003. «Agricultural Wages». In The Oxford Encylopedia of Economic History, Vol. 1, ed. Joel Mokyr. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 59–65.
— 2005. «The Condition of the Working-Class in England, 1209–2004». Journal of Political Economy 113 (6): 1307–1340.
— 2007а. «Farm Wages, Population and Economic Growth, England, 1209–1869». Economic History Review 60 (1): 97-135.
— 2007b. «The Economic Aggregates for England, 1209–1869». Working Paper, University of California, Davis.
Clark, Gregory, and Gillian Hamilton. 2006. «Survival of the Richest: The Malthusian Method in England, 1585–1638». Journal of Economic History 66 (3): 707–736.
Clark, Gregory, and David Jacks. 2007. «Coal and the Industrial Revolution». European Review of Economic History 11 (1).
Clark, Gregory, and Patricia Levin. 2001. «How Different Was the Industrial Revolution? The Revolution in Printing, 1350–1869». Working Paper, University of California, Davis.
Clark, Gregory, and Alan McGinley. 1989. «Selective Pressure and Economic History: Economics in the Very Long Run». Paper presented to the Berkeley-Stanford Economic History Seminar, May 25.
Clark, Gregory, and Ysbrand van der Werf. 1998. «Work in Progress? The Industrious Revoiution». Journal of Economic History 58 (3): 830–843.
Clark, Gregory, Michael Huberman, and Peter Lindert. 1995. «A British Food Puzzle, 1770–1850». Economic History Review 48 (2): 215–237.
Clark, W. A. Graham. 1907. The Cotton Industry of British India and the Philippines. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
Cockburn, J.S. 1977. «The Nature and Incidence of Crime in England, 1559–1625: A Preliminary Survey». In Crime in England, 1550–1800, ed. J.S. Cockburn. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, pp. 49–71.
— 1991. «Patterns of Violence in English Society: Homicide in Kent 1560–1985». Past and Present 130: 70-106.
Cohen, Mark Nathan. 1977. The Food Crisis in Pre-History. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press.