Горечь войны. Новый взгляд на Первую мировую - Нил Фергюсон
306
Kennedy, Rise and Fall of the Great Powers, esp. pp. 269–277; Kennedy, First World War, pp. 7–40.
307
См.: Henig, Origins, pp. 8ff.
308
Geiss, Der lange Weg, pp. 54, 116, 123.
309
Geiss, German Version of Imperialism, p. 114.
310
Например, см.: Wilson, Policy of the Entente, pp. 96f; Wilson, T., Britain’s “Moral Commitment”, pp. 381ff.
311
Подсчитано исходя из данных, приведенных в: Mitchell, European Historical Statistics; Economist, Economic Statistics; Bairoch, Europe’s Gross National Product, pp. 281, 303.
312
Morgan and Thomas, Stock Exchange, pp. 88f.
313
Валовые прямые инвестиции вкупе с портфельными в 1990–1995 годах составляли чуть менее 12 % ВВП. См.: Financial Times, 6 May 1997, p. 18.
314
Pollard, Capital Exports, pp. 491f.
315
Gutsche, Foreign Policy, p. 50.
316
См.: Buchheim, Aspects of Nineteenth-Century Anglo-German Trade Policy, pp. 275–289. Также см.: Kennedy, Rise of the Anglo-German Antagonism, pp. 46ff, 262ff; Cain and Hopkins, British Imperialism, vol. I, pp. 461f; Steiner, Britain and the Origins of the First World War, pp. 60–63.
317
Например, см.: Pollard, Britain’s Prime; Floud, Britain 1860–1914, pp. 1–26.
318
Cain, Economic Foundations, pp. 43ff.
319
Edelstein, Overseas Investment, pp. 24ff, 48, 313ff.
320
Davis and Huttenback, Mammon, pp. 81–117; Pollard, Capital Exports, p. 507.
321
Davis and Huttenback, Mammon, p. 107.
322
Offer, First World War, p. 121.
323
Eichengreen, Golden Fetters, pp. 29–66; Eichengreen and Flandreau, Geography of the Gold Standard.
324
Reader, At Duty’s Call, p. 71.
325
См. в первую очередь: Hentschel, Wirtschaft und Wirtschaftspolitik, p. 134. Ср.: Sommariva and Tullio, German Macroeconomic History, pp. 41–50.
326
Offer, First World War, pp. 121–135.
327
Geiss, Der lange Weg, pp. 188f.
328
Förster, Der doppelte Militarismus, p. 64.
329
Kaiser, Germany and the Origins of the First World War, pp. 454f.
330
Dugdale, E., German Diplomatic Documents, vol. I, p. 284.
331
Taylor, A. J. P., Struggle for Mastery, p. 342.
332
Kennan, Fateful Alliance.
333
Stern, Gold and Iron, p. 442.
334
Girault, Emprunts russes, pp. 159–162; Kennan, Franco-Russian Relations, pp. 382f; Stern, Gold and Iron, pp. 446f. Ср.: Kynaston, City, vol. I, p. 312.
335
Kennan, Decline of Bismarck’s European Order, pp. 387–390; Poidevin, Relations économiques, pp. 46–50. Ср.: Davis, English Rothschilds, pp. 230–232.
336
Poidevin, Relations économiques, pp. 46–50.
337
Girault, Emprunts russes, pp. 314–320.
338
Ibid., pp. 73f.
339
Poidevin, Relations économiques, pp. 46–50; Girault, Emprunts russes, p. 73.
340
Lyashchenko, History of the National Economy, p. 714.
341
Подсчитано исходя из данных, приведенных в: Mitchell, European Historical Statistics, pp. 218, 253–255, 318.
342
Reader, At Duty’s Call, p. 61. Там же (p. 67) намек Г. М. Стэнли на “кошмар войны” с Россией и Францией.
343
Monger, End of Isolation, p. 10.
344
Kennedy, Rise and Fall of the Great Powers, pp. 47f.
345
Koch, Anglo-German Alliance Negotiations, p. 392; Kennedy, German World Policy, p. 625. Также см.: Grey, Twenty-Five Years, vol. I, p. 245.
346
В первую очередь см.: Eckardstein, Lebenserinnerungen; Meinecke, Die Geschichte.
347
Kynaston, City, vol. I, p. 351.
348
Barth, Die deutsche Hochfinanz, pp. 39f.
349
Ibid., pp. 142ff; Kynaston, City, vol. II, pp. 125ff.
350
Poidevin, Relations économiques, pp. 77–79.
351
Garvin, Life of Joseph Chamberlain, vol. III, pp. 248f; Barth, Die deutsche Hochfinanz, pp. 160f.
352
Garvin, Life of Joseph Chamberlain, vol. III, pp. 250ff.
353
Barth, Die deutsche Hochfinanz, p. 163.
354
Ibid., pp. 166f.
355
Amery, Life of Joseph Chamberlain, vol. IV, pp. 139f, 150; Monger, End of Isolation, pp. 15, 19f. Ср.: Rich and Fisher, Holstein Papers, vol. IV, p. 197.
356
Barth, Die deutsche Hochfinanz, pp. 280f. Также см.: Gooch and Temperley, British Documents, vol. II, p. 72.
357
Dugdale, B., Arthur James Balfour, vol. I, pp. 258f. Собственные замечания Чемберлена о переговорах см.: Garvin, Life of Joseph Chamberlain, vol. III, pp. 259–264.
358
Garvin, Life of Joseph Chamberlain, vol. III, p. 270–280.
359
Amery, Life of Joseph Chamberlain, vol. IV, pp. 144ff, 153ff; Monger, End of Isolation, pp. 30, 35–38.
360
Rich and Fisher, Holstein Papers, vol. IV, p. 275.
361
Garvin, Life of Joseph Chamberlain, vol. III, pp.