Ларри Вульф - Изобретая Восточную Европу: Карта цивилизации в сознании эпохи Просвещения

429

Anderson. P. 139–140; Voltaire. Histoire de l’empire de Russie sous le Pierre le Grand. P. 405.

430

Gusdord Georges. Les Principes de la pensée au siècle des lumières. Paris: Payot, 1971. P. 128.

431

L’Histoire de mon temps // Oeuvres posthumes de Fréderic II, roi de Prusse. Vol. I. Berlin: Chez Voss, 1788. P. 69.

432

Goldsmith Oliver. The Citizen of the World. (London: J.M. Dent, 1934). Chapter LXXXVII. P. 240–241.

433

James Porter, Turkey; Its History and Progress: From the Journals and Correspondence of Sir James Porter. Vol. I. London: Hurts and Blackett, 1854. P. 8.

434

Letter from Lady Porter to her sister, Mdlle de Hochepied, at Pera, containing an account of Sir James Porter’s journey from Constantinople to London, with two children, Greek nurse and servant, and accompanied by several gentlemen; among others, the learned Jesuit, Father Boscowitz, who has published a detail of this journey // Porter James. Turkey; Its History and Progress: From the Journals and Correspondence of Sir James Porter. Vol. I. London: Hurts and Blackett, 1854. P. 379.

435

Letter from Lady Porter. P. 374.

436

Boscovich // Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani. Vol. XIII. Rome, 1971. P. 221–230.

437

Boscovich Ruggiero Guiseppe. Giornale di un Viaggio da Constantinopoli in Polonia dell’abbate Ruggiero Giuseppe Boscovich. Milan: Giordano Editore, 1966. P. 5.

438

Ibid. P. 86, 110.

439

Ibid. P. 3–4.

440

Ibid. P. 6.

441

Ibid. P. 8.

442

Rocque. Carte Generale des Postes de l’Europe, 1758 (Гарвард).

443

Ibid. P. 21–22.

444

Ibid. P. 31.

445

Ibid. P. 34.

446

Ibid. P. 35.

447

Ibid. P. 37–42, 50.

448

Ibid. P. 59–62.

449

Ibid. P. 62

450

Ibid. P. 69–71.

451

Ibid. P. 74, 79, 87, 102.

452

Ibid. P. 72–75, 89–90.

453

Ibid. P. 90–92, 106–107.

454

Ibid. P. 125–126.

455

Ibid. P. 122, 127–128.

456

Ibid. P. 65.

457

Letter from Lady Porter. P. 377.

458

Ibid. P. 390.

459

Boscovich. P. 9.

460

Haas. Europa. Nürnberg, 1743; rpt. 1777 (Гарвард); Le Voyage d’un Danois, 1744 (Гарвард).

461

Boscovich. P. xx, 190–191.

462

Darnton Robert. The Business of Enlightenment: A Publishing History of the Encyclopédie 1775–1800. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press, 1979. P. 8.

463

Bulgarie // Encyclopédie. Vol. II. P. 462.

464

Boheme // Encyclopédie: ou dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers, nouvelle impression en facsimilé de la première édition de 1751–1780. Stuttgart: Friedrich Frommann Verlag, 1967. Vol. II. P. 294.

465

Lough John. Louis, Chevalier de Jacourt (1704–1780): A Biographical Sketch // The Encyclopédie in Eighteenth-Century England and Other Studies. Newcastle upon Tyne: Oriel Press, 1970. P. 25, 49–51.

466

Jacourt Louis de. Hongrie // Encyclopédie. Vol. VIII. 284.

467

Ibid. P. 284–285.

468

Ibid. P. 285.

469

Ibid.

470

Ibid., Р. 285–286.

471

Ibid. P. 286.

472

Jacourt Louis de. Pologne // Encyclopédie. Vol. XII. P. 925.

473

Ibid. P. 928–933.

474

Ibid. P. 925, 929, 934.

475

Ibid. P. 930–931.

476

Ibid. P. 931.

477

Coxe. Travels in Poland and Russia. Vol. III. P. 369–376.

478

Jacourt. Pologne // Encyclopédie. Vol. XII. P. 931–934.

479

Jacourt Louis de. Russie // Encyclopédie. Vol. XIV. P. 442; Voltaire. Histoire de l’empire de Russie sous le Pierre le Grand. P. 403.

480

Jacourt Louis de. Russie // Encyclopédie. Vol. XIV. P. 443; Voltaire. Histoire de l’empire de Russie sous le Pierre le Grand. P. 419–421.

481

Jacourt Louis de. Russie // Encyclopédie. Vol. XIV. P. 445.

482

Jacourt Louis de. Tartares // Encyclopédie. Vol. XV. P. 926; см. также: Fisher Alan W. The Crimean Tatars (Stanford, Calif.: Hoover Institution Press, 1978).

483

Sanson. P. 3–5.

484

Delisle. L’europe. Paris, 1700 (Гарвард); Zürner. Europa, 1712 (Гарвард).

485

Jacourt Louis de. Tartares // Encyclopédie. Vol. XV. P. 920.

486

Ibid. P. 921.

487

Vaugondy Robert de. Nouvel Atlas Portatif. Paris: Chez Robert, 1762, карты III, IV.

488

Jacourt Louis de. Tartares // Encyclopédie. Vol. XV. P. 921–923.

489

Ibid. P. 924–926.

490

Jacourt Louis de. Europe // Encyclopédie. Vol. VI. P. 211–212.

491

Vaugondy Robert de. Géographie // Encyclopédie. Vol. VII. P. 611–612.

492

Voltaire and Catherine. Correspondence // Documents of Catherine the Great: The Correspondence with Voltaire and the Instruction of 1767. Ed. W.F. Reddaway. New York: Russel à Russel, 1871. P. 58, 77.

493

Rocque. Carte Generale des Postes de’lEurope, 1758.

494

Voltaire and Catherine. P. 79, 124.

495

Ibid. P. 133.

496

Ibid. P. 181.

497

Ibid. P. 186.

498

Ibid. P. 1.

499

Ibid. P. 2; см. также: Griffiths David. To Live Forever: Catherine II, Voltaire, and the Pursuit of Immortality // Russia and the World of the Eighteenth Century. Columbus, Ohio: Slavica Publishers, 1988. P. 446–468; Madariaga Isabel de. Russia in the Age of Catherine the Great. New Haven, Conn.; Yale Univ. Press, 1981. P. 372–342; Alexander John T. Catherine the Great: Life and Legend. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 1989. P. 97–142.

500

Wildberger Carolyn. Voltaire’s Russia; Window on the East // Studies on Vlataire and the Eighteenth Century. Vol. CLXIV. Ed. Theodore Besterman. Oxford: Voltaire Foundation at the Taylor Institution, 1976. P. 54, 141.

501

Rousseau Jean-Jacques. The Social Contract. Trans. Maurice Cranston. London: Penguin, 1968. P. 90.

502

Voltaire. Histoire de l’empire de Russie sous Pierre le Grand // Oeuvres complètes de Voltaire. Vol. 16. Paris, 1878; rpt. Liechtenstein: Kraus Reprint Limited, 1967. P. 377, 427.

503

Voltaire and Catherine. P. 3

504

Besterman Theodore. Voltaire. 3rd ed. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1976. P. 406.

505

Voltaire and Catherine. P. 3–6.

506

Ibid. P. 48, 51.

507

Ibid. P. 6–7.

508

Lortholary, Albert. Le Mirage russe en France au XVIIIe siècle. Paris: Boivin, 1951.

509

Lortholary. P. 74–76; Mohrenschildt Dmitri von. Russia in the Intellectual Life of Eighteenth-Century France. New York: Columbia Univ. Press, 1936. P. 275–280.

510

Wildberger. P. 27.

511

Mohrenschildt. P. 32; Saint-Simon Louis de Rouvroy, duc de. Memoirs of Louis XIV and his Court and of the Regency. Vol. III. New York: Collier, 1910. P. 1011

512

Lortholary. P. 23–25.

513

Wildberger. P. 76.

514

Voltaire. Historié de Charles XII. Paris: Garnier-Flammarion, 1968. P. 51.

515

Montesquieu Charles Secondat, baron de. The Spirit of the Laws. Trans. Thomas Nugent. New York: Hafner, 1949. I. P. 299.

516

Montesquieu. I. P. 299.

517

Lortholary. P. 33. Köpeszi Béla. La France et la Hongrie au début du XVIIIe siècle: Etudes d’historié des relations diplomatiques et d’histoorie des idées. Budapest: Akadémi Kiadó, 1971. P. 603–604.

518

Wildberger. P. 32.

519

Voltaire. Anecdotes sur le czar Pierre le Grand // Oeuvres complètes de Voltaire. Vol. 23. Paris, 1787; rpt. Liechtenstein: Kraus Reprint, 1967. P. 281–293.

520

Wildberger. Р. 33, 49.

521

Lortholary. Р. 48.

522

Wildberger. Р. 41.

523

Ibid. P. 43.

524

Ibid. P. 124–127; Gay Peter. The Enlightenment: An Interpretation: The Science of Freedom. New York: W.W. Norton, 1977. P. 67.

525

Wildberger. P. 52–53.

526

Ibid. P. 37–38, 54–61.

527

Ibid. P. 119–120; Voltaire. Histoire de l’empire de Russie sous Pierre le Grand. P. 586.