Лорна Коппингер - Собаки. Новый взгляд на происхождение, поведение и эволюцию собак

Пришло время, когда следует отказаться от точки зрения венца природы и перестать рассуждать о том, какая порода и какая собака лучше. Такой подход создал ловушку генетической изоляции. Хотелось бы ликвидировать эти ограничения «чистокровности». Это не значит, что надо смешать все породы и вернуться к первоначальной деревенской собаке. Но это значит, что необходимо ценить способности собак, их здоровье и чувства.

Истинная ценность любой собаки — будь то домашняя или служебная — в ее поведении. Как говорила моя бабушка, красив тот, кто красиво поступает. Лучше иметь маленькую собаку, чем длинную родословную. Хорошей собака становится после рождения, а не до. Нет генов хорошего домашнего любимца. Но есть породы, из которых просто не могут получиться домашние собаки, как их не воспитывай. Это те породы, которым свойственны определенные последовательности стереотипных форм поведения, не подходящие для домашних условий (см. гл. 6). Большая ошибка приобретать такую собаку для дома. И она, и ее владелец, скорее всего, будут несчастны.

Для большинства собак необходимо уделять внимание — и немалое — развитию в критический период социализации (с 1-й по 8-ю недели, а затем с 8-й по 16-ю), что является решающим для формирования хорошей собаки.

В процессе социализации и дрессировки помните, что собака — не волк.

И в то же время не забывайте, как сказал знаменитый канадский заводчик ездовых собак Эмиль Мартель, что «они всего лишь собаки».

Литература

Следующие книги и статьи были использованы при написании данного произведения:

Введение

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Глава 1

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— 1999. An animal changes the world: the domestication of the wolf. Paper read at Wolf amp; Co. international Symposium on Canids, at Cologne, Germany.

Глава 2

48. Beck, Alan M. 1973. The Ecology of Stray Dogs: a Study of Free-ranging Urban Animals. Baltimore: York Press.

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— 1989b. Spatial and temporal resource use by feral and abandoned dogs. Ethology 81: 300—312.

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Глава 3

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Глава 4

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