Нассим Талеб - Черный лебедь. Под знаком непредсказуемости
Этическая проблема Черного лебедя. Поскольку каждый Черный лебедь неповторим, существует страшная несправедливость в распределении наград между теми, кто предотвращает, и теми, кто исправляет ущерб.
Bildungsphilister — филистер, не обладающий настоящей, глубинной культурой. В терминологии Ницше, это узколобый читатель газет и любитель оперы, чьи знания поверхностны, а взгляды мелки. Я распространяю этот термин на краснобаев теоретиков, которым не хватает воображения, любопытства, эрудиции и культуры, чтобы хоть на минуту оторваться от своих идей, выйти за рамки своей "дисциплины". Это не позволяет им увидеть, что их идеи находятся в конфликте со структурой мира.
Библиография
Библиография
Abarbanell,JefferyS.,andVictorL.Bernard,1992,"TestofAnalysts' Overreaction/UnderreactionofEarningsInformationasan ExplanationforAnomalousStockPriceBehavior."Journal of Finance '47:1181-1207.
Aczel,AmirD,2004,Chance: A Guide to Gambling, Love, the Stock Market, and Just About Everything Else. NewYork:Thunder'sMouth Press.
Adamic,Lada,1999,"TheSmallWorldWeb."Lecture Notes in
Computational Science 1696:443-452. Adamic,Lada,andBernardoA.Huberman,1999,"TheNatureofMarkets
intheWorldWideWeb."Quarterly Journal of Electronic Commerce 1:
5-12.
Albert,R.,andА.-L.Barabasi,2000,"TopologyofEvolvingNetworks: LocalEventsandUniversality."Physical Review Letters 85:5234-5237.
Albert,R.,H.Jeong,andA.-L.Barabasi,2000,"ErrorandAttack
ToleranceofComplexNetworks."Nature 406:378-382. Albouy,Fran<;ois-Xavier,2002,Le temps des catastrophes. Paris:Descartes
&Cie.
Al-Ghazali,1989,"MikhtaratMinAhtharAl-Ghazali."InSaliba,Jamil,
Tarikh Al Falsafa Al Arabiah. Beirut:AlSharikahAlAhlamiahLilk-itab. Allen,MarkS.,2006,"TransformationsinMaoriWarfare:Toa,Pa,and
Pu."InElizabethN.ArkushandMarkW.Allen,2006. Allen,Michael,2003,The Truth About Writing. Wiltshire:Kingsfield
Publications.
,2005,On the Survival of Rats in the Slushpile: Essays and
Criticism. Wiltshire:KingsfieldPublications. Allport,D.A.,1975,"TheStateofCognitivePsychology."Quarterly
Journal of Experimental Psychology 27:141-152.
Allwood,С.M.,andH.Montgomery,1987,"ResponseSelection
StrategiesandRealismofConfidenceJudgments."Organizational
Behavior and Human Decision Processes 39:365-383. Alpert,M.,andH.Raiffa,1982,"AProgressReportontheTrainingof :ProbabilityAssessors."InD.Kahneman,P.Slovic,andA.Tversky,
eds.,1982.
Amaral,L.A.N.,A.Scala,M.Barthelemy,andH.E.Stanley,2000,
"ClassesofBehaviorofSmall-worldNetworks."Proceedings of the
National Academy of Science 97:11149-11152. Anderson,Benedict,1983,Imagined Communities. NewYork:Verso. Anderson,Chris,2006,The Long Tail NewYork:Hyperion. Anderson,N.H.,1986,"ACognitiveTheoryofJudgmentandDecision."
InB.Brehmer,H.Jungermann,P.Lourens,andG.Sevon,eds.,
New Directions in Research on Decision Making. Amsterdam:North-Holland.
Angele,U.,B.Beer-Binder,R.Berger,C.Bussmann,H.Kleinbolting,and B.Mansard,1982,Uber-undUnterschatzungdeseigenenWissensin
AhhangigkeitvonGeschlechtundBildungsstand(Overestimation andUnderestimationofOne'sKnowledgeasaFunctionofSexand Education).Unpublishedmanuscript,UniversityofKonstanz,Federal RepublicofGermany.
Angner,Erik,2006,"EconomistsasExperts:OverconfidenceinTheory andPractice."JournalofEconomicMethodology13(1):1-24.
Annas, Julia, and Julian Barnes, 1985, Modes of Skepticism. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press. Arkes, H. R., C. Christensen, C. Lai,
and C. Blumer, 1987, "Two Methods of Reducing Overconfidence."
Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 39:133-144. Arkes, H. R., and K. R. Hammond, 1986, Judgment and Decision Making:
An Interdisciplinary Reader. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Arkush, Elizabeth N., and Mark W. Allen, eds., 2006, The Archaeology of
Warfare: Prehistories of Raiding and Conquest. Gainesville: University
of Florida Press.
Armelius, В., and K. Armelius, 1974, "The Use of Redundancy in
Multiple-cue Judgments: Data from a Suppressor-variable task."
American Journal of Psychology 87: 385-392. Armelius, K., 1979, "TaskPredictabilityandPerformanceas Determinants
of Confidence in Multiple-cue Judgments." Scandinavian Journal of
Psychology 20:19-25. Armstrong, J. Scott, 1978, "Are Econometricians Useful? Folklore
Versus Fact." Journal of Business 51(4): 549-564.
, 1981, "How Expert Are the Experts?" Inc., Dec. 1981:15-16.
Aron, Raymond, 1961, Dimensions de la conscience historique. Paris:
Agora.
Arrow, Kenneth, 1987, "Economic Theory and the Postulate of Rationality." In J. Eatwell, M. Milgate, and P. Newman, eds., 1987, 2:
69-74.lUJJiin
Arthur, Brian W., 1994, Increasing Returns and Path Dependence in the
Economy. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. Astebro, Thomas, 2003, "The Return to Independent Invention:
Evidence of Unrealistic Optimism, Risk Seeking or Skewness Loving?"
Economic Journal 113(484): 226-239. Ashiya, Masahiro, and Takero Doi, 2001, "Herd Behavior of Japanese
Economists." Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization 46:
343-346.
Attewell, P., 2001, "The Winner-take-all High School: Organizational
Adaptations to Educational Stratification." Sociology of Education 74:
267-295.
Ayache, E., 2004a, "The Back of Beyond," Wilmott (Spring): 26-29.
, 2004b, "A Beginning, in the End," Wilmott (Winter): 6-11.
Ayer, A. J., 1958, The Problem of Knowledge. London: Penguin Books,™
, 1972, Probability and Evidence. New York: Columbia University
Press.
, 1988, Voltaire. London: Faber and Faber.
Ayton, P., and A. G. R. McClelland, 1997, "How Real Is Overconfidence?" Journal of Behavioral Decision Making 10:153-285.
Baddeley, Alan, 1997, Human Memory: Theory and Practice. London:
Psychology Press. Bak, Per, 1996, How Nature Works. New York: Copernicus. Bak, P., and K.Chen, 1991, "Self-organized criticality." Scientific American
264:46-53.
Ball, Philip, 2004, Critical Mass: How One Thing Leads to Another.
London: Arrow Books.
, 2006, "Econophysics: Culture Crash." Nature 441: 686-688.
Banavar, J. R., F. Colaiori, A. Flammini, A. Maritan, and A. Rinaldo,
2000, "A Topology of the Fittest Transportation Network." Physical
Review Letters 84: 4745-4748. BARABasi,Albert-Laszlo, 2002, Linked: The New Science of Networks.
Boston: Perseus Publishing. BARABasi,Albert-Laszlo, and Reka Albert, 1999, "Emergence of Scaling
in Random Networks." Science 286:509-512. BARABasi,Albert-Laszlo, Reka Albert, and H. Jeong, 1999, "Mean-field
Theory for Scale-free Random Networks." Physica A 272:173-197. BARABasi,Albert-Laszlo, and EricBonabeau, 2003, "Scale-free Networks."
Scientific American 288(5): 50-59.*.
Baranski, J. V., and W. M. Petrusic, 1994, "The Calibration and
Resolution of Confidence in Perceptual Judgments." Perception and
Psychophysics 55: 412-428. Barber, В. M., and T. Odean, 1999, "Trading Is Hazardous to Your •tWealth: The Common Stock Investment Performance of Individual
Investors." Working Paper.
Barbour, A. D., and G. Reinert, 2000, "Small worlds." Preprint cond-
mat/0006001 at http://xxx.lanl.gov. Bar-Hillel, M., and W. A. Wagenaar, 1991, "The perception of
randomness." Advances in Applied Mathematics 12 (4): 428-454- т Baron, Jonathan, 2000, Thinking and Deciding, 3rd ed. New York:
Cambridge University Press.
Barron,G.,andI.Erev,2003,"SmallFeedback-basedDecisionsand
TheirLimitedCorrespondencetoDescription-basedDecisions."
Journal of Behavioral Decision Making 16:215-233. Barrow,JohnD.,1998,Impossibility: The Limits of Science and the Science
of Limits. London:Vintage. Barrow,JohnD.,andFrankJ.Tipler,1986,TheAnthropic Cosmological
Principle. Oxford:OxfordUniversityPress. Barrow-Green,June,1996,Poincare and the Three Body Problem.
History of Mathematics, Vol.11,AmericanMathematicalSociety. BARTHeLeMY, M.,andL.A.N.Amaral,1999,"Small-worldNetworks:
EvidenceforaCrossoverPicture."Physical Review Letters 82:3180-
3183.
Bastiat,Frederic,1862-1864,Oeuvres completes de Frederic Bastiat,
6 vols.Paris:Guillaumin. Batchelor,R.A.,1990,"AllForecastersAreEqual."Journal of Business
and Economic Statistics 8(1):143-144.
,2001,"HowUsefulAretheForecastsofIntergovernmental
Agencies?TheIMFandOECDVersustheConsensus."Applied
Economics 33(2):225-235. Bates,Elisabeth,1994,"Modularity,DomainSpecificity,andthe
DevelopmentofLanguage."InD.C.Gajdusek,G.M.McKhann,and
C.L.Bolis,eds.,Evolution and Neurology of Language: Discussions in
Neuroscience 10:1-2,136-149. Bauman,A.O.,R.B.Deber,andG.G.Thompson,1991,"Overconfidence
AmongPhysiciansandNurses:The'microcertainty,macrocertainty'
phenomenon."Social Science and Medicine 32:167-174. Bayer,HansChristian,2003,Information: The New Language of Science.
London:OrionBooks,Ltd. Bechara,A.,A.R.Damasio,H.Damasio,andS.W.Anderson,1994,
"InsensitivitytoFutureConsequencesFollowingDamagetoHuman
PrefrontalCortex."Cognition 50:1-3,7-15. Becker,LawrenceC,1998,A New Stoicism. Princeton,N.J.:Princeton
UniversityPress.
Bellamy,Edward,1891,Cent ans apres, ou Van 2000, trad,dePanglais parPaulRey;avecunepref.parM.TheodoreReinach.Paris:E.Dentu.
Benartzi,Shlomo,2001."ExcessiveExtrapolationandtheAllocationof 401QOAccountstoCompanyStock,"Journal of Finance 56(5):1747-1764.
Benartzi, Shlomo, and Richard Thaler, 1995, "Myopic Loss Aversion and the v Equity Premium Puzzle." Quarterly Journal of Economics 110(1): 73-92. BeNASSY-QueRe, Agnes, 2002, "Euro/dollar: tout le mondepeutse tromper.
"La Lettre du СЕРП 215. Benkirane, R., 2002, La complexite, vertiges etpromesses: 18histoires de
sciences. Paris: Le Pommier. Berger, Peter L., and Thomas Luckmann, 1966, The Social Construction
of Reality: A Treatise in the Sociology of Knowledge. New York: Anchor
Books.
Bernard, Andre, 2002, Rotten Rejections: The Letters That Publisher Wish
They'd Never Sent. London: Chrysalis Books. Bernard, Claude, 1878, La science experimentale. Paris: J.-B. Bailliere. Bernoulli, Daniel, 1954, "Exposition of a New Theory on the