Обратный эффект санкций. Как санкции меняют мир не в интересах США - Агата Демаре
305
Andrew Harris, David Voreacos, and Stephanie Baker, “Deripaska Sues Over U. S. Sanctions, Claims $7.5 Billion Loss”, Bloomberg, March 15, 2019, https://www. bloomberg. com/news/articles/2019–03–15/deripaska-sues-u-s-treasury-to-block-sanctions-against-him.
306
Kevin Breuninger, “Putin Ally Oleg Deripaska Sues Treasury and Steven Mnuchin to Lift Sanctions, Claiming ‘Utter Devastation’ of His Wealth”, CNBC, March 15, 2019, https://www. cnbc. com/2019/03/15/putin-ally-deripaska-sues-treasury-to-block-sanctions-says-hes-lost-billions. html.
307
Breuninger, “Putin Ally Oleg Deripaska Sues Treasury”.
308
Sam Meredith and Natasha Turak, “Putin Ally Oleg Deripaska Denies Kremlin Encouraged His Lawsuit Against US Treasury Sanctions”, CNBC, March 18, 2019, https://www. cnbc. com/2019/03/18/putin-ally-deripaska-explains-why-hes-suing-us-treasury-department. html.
309
Benjamin Quenelle, “Sanctions: le “roi de l’aluminium” russe accuse Washington”, Les Echos, February 14, 2020, https://www. lesechos. fr/finance-marches/marches-financiers/sanctions-loligarque-de-laluminium-accuse-washington‐1171891.
310
“Real Time Net Worth, No. 1050, Oleg Deripaska”, Forbes, accessed April 17, 2022, https://www. forbes. com/profile/oleg-deripaska.
311
Humeyra Pamuk and Timothy Gardner, “U. S. Lifts Iran Sanctions on One Unit of Chinese Shipping Giant COSCO”, Reuters, January 31, 2020, https://www. reuters. com/article/us-iran-nuclear-usa-cosco/u-s-lifts-iran-sanctions-on-one-unit-of-chinese-shipping-giant-cosco-idUSKBN1ZU04I.
312
Byron McKinney, “COSCO Shipping & OFAC Sanctions — The Nightmare in the Haystack”, IHS Markit, October 8, 2019, https://ihsmarkit. com/research-analysis/cosco-shipping-ofac-sanctions. html.
313
Jonathan Saul and Chen Aizhu, “Unipec Replaces Ship Charters After U. S. Sanctions COSCO Tanker Units: Sources”, Reuters, September 26, 2019, https://www. reuters. com/article/us-iran-nuclear-usa-china/unipec-replaces-ship-charters-after-u-s-sanctions-cosco-tanker-units-sources-idUSKBN1WB1XY.
314
Greg Miller, “Sanctions Are Cleaving the Global Shipping Fleet in Two”, American Shipper, September 30, 2019, https://www. freightwaves. com/news/sanctions-are-cleaving-the-global-shipping-fleet-in-two.
315
Saul and Aizhu, “Unipec Replaces Ship Charters”.
316
Pamuk and Gardner, “U. S. Lifts Iran Sanctions”.
317
Brian Scheid, “End of Cosco Sanctions Shows US Reluctance for Penalizing Key Oil Market Players: Analysts”, S&P Global Platts, February 3, 2020, https://www. spglobal. com/platts/en/market-insights/latest-news/oil/020320-end-of-cosco-sanctions-shows-us-reluctance-for-penalizing-key-oil-market-players-analysts.
318
“The Soviet Gas Pipeline in Perspective”, U. S. Central Intelligence Agency, September 21, 1982, https://www. cia. gov/library/readingroom/docs/19820921. pdf.
319
“Caterpillar Gets Export License”, New York Times, December 10, 1981, https://www. nytimes. com/1981/12/10/business/caterpillar-gets-export-license. html.
320
Lisa Martin, Coercive Cooperation, Explaining Multilateral Sanctions (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1992), 208.
321
Alan Riley, “Nord Stream 2: Understanding the Potential Consequences”, Atlantic Council, June 2018, https://www. atlanticcouncil. org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Nord_Stream_2_interactive. pdf.
322
У нас он известен как газопровод Уренгой — Помары — Ужгород. (Прим. пер.)
323
Patrick DeSouza, “The Soviet Gas Pipeline Incident: Extension of Collective Security Responsibilities to Peacetime Commercial Trade”, Yale University Law School, accessed July 28, 2020, http://digitalcommons. law. yale. edu/cgi/viewcontent. cgi?article=1317&context=yjil.
324
“Bonn Needs the Business Even More than the Gas”, New York Times, August 16, 1981, https://www. nytimes. com/1981/08/16/weekinreview/bonn-needs-the-business-even-more-than-the-gas. html.
325
John Tagliabue, “Europeans in Pact on Soviet Gas”, New York Times, September 30, 1981, https://www. nytimes. com/1981/09/30/business/europeans-in-pact-on-soviet-gas. html.
326
Paul Lewis, “A Soviet Project Tempts Europe”, New York Times, May 30, 1982, https://timesmachine. nytimes. com/timesmachine/1982/05/30/173299. html?pageNumber=156.
327
DeSouza, “The Soviet Gas Pipeline Incident”.
328
John Hardt, “Energy Equipment Sales to U. S. S. R.”, Congressional Research Service, October 22, 1982, https://www. everycrsreport. com/files/19821022_IP0219S_d8bc44 c63e6d2816a3fc8cbe261e4338ac65de49. pdf.
329
Richard Nephew, “Transatlantic Sanctions Policy: From the 1982 Soviet Gas Pipeline Episode to Today”, Columbia/SIPA Center on Global Energy Policy, March 22, 2019, https://energypolicy. columbia. edu/research/report/transatlantic-sanctions-policy‐1982-soviet-gas-pipeline-episode-today.
330
Обратная сила закона, или ретроактивность закона — действие закона или другой нормы права в отношении событий, которые имели место до вступления закона в силу в отступление от базовой юридической презумпции «закон обратной силы не имеет». (Прим. науч. ред.)
331
В оригинале автор использует слово «блок», как если бы речь шла о военно-политическом объединении. Европейский союз — международное образование, сочетающее признаки международной организации (межгосударственный характер) и государства (конфедерации), однако юридически не является ни тем ни другим. (Прим. науч. ред.)
332
“Declaration of the Seven Heads of State and Government and Representatives of the European Communities”, G7 Summit, Versailles, June 6, 1982, http://www. g8. utoronto. ca/summit/1982versailles/communique. html.
333
То есть на контракты, заключенные до введения санкций. (Прим. науч. ред.)
334
Gary Perlow, “Taking Peacetime Trade Sanctions to the Limit: The Soviet Pipeline Embargo”, Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law 15, no. 253 (1983), https://scholarlycommons. law. case. edu/jil/vol15/iss2/4.
335
Nephew, “Transatlantic Sanctions Policy”.
336
“European Council”, British Parliament Archives, accessed July 28, 2020, https://api. parliament. uk/historic-hansard/commons/1982/jul/01/ european-council#S6CV0026P0_19820701_HOC_153.
337
Perlow, “Taking Peacetime Trade Sanctions to the Limit”.
338
Rita Dallas, “Britain Orders Firms to Defy Pipeline Ban”, Washington Post, August 3, 1982.
339
Emmanuel Mourlon-Druol and Angela Romano, “The Iran Nuclear Deal Crisis: Lessons from the 1982 Transatlantic Dispute over the Siberian Gas Pipeline”, Bruegel, May 2018, https://www. bruegel. org/2018/05/the-iran-nuclear-deal-crisis-lessons-from-the‐1982-transatlantic-dispute-over-the-siberian-gas-pipeline.
340
Oliver Dziggel, “The Reagan Pipeline Sanctions: Implications for U. S. Domestic Policy and the Future of International Law”, Towson University Journal of International Affairs L, no. 1 (2016), https://cpb-us-w2. wpmucdn. com/wp. towson. edu/dist/b/55/files/2017/11/REAGAN-PIPELINE-SANCTIONS‐19q4sd1. pdf.
341
Bernard Gwertzman, “Lifting of U. S. Sanctions”, New York Times, November 15, 1982, https://www. nytimes. com/1982/11/15/world/lifting-of-us-sanctions-news-analysis. html.
342
Antony Blinken, Ally Versus Ally: America, Europe, and the Siberian Pipeline Crisis (Westport, CT:
