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He Weifang Constitutionalism as a Global Trend and its Impact on China (2004) / In: In the Name of Justice: Striving for the Rule of Law in China. He Weifang, ed. Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution, 2012.
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Olson, Mancur The Rise and Decline of Nations: Economic Growth, Stagflation and Social Rigidities. New Haven/London, 1982.
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Petersen, R. Eric Representatives and Senators: Trends in Member Characteristics since 1945 // Congressional Research Service, 17 February 2012; Manning, Jennifer E. Membership of the 112th Congress: A Profile // Congressional Research Service, 1 March 2011; Tetteh, Edmund Election Statistics: UK 1918–2007 // House of Commons Library Research Paper 08/12, 1 February 2008.
141
Tocqueville, Alexis de Democracy in America. Chicago, 2000. Book I, part 2, ch. 4.
142
Ibid. Book II, part 2, ch. 5.
143
Ibid.
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Olasky, Marvin The Tragedy of American Compassion. Washington, DC, 1992.
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Banfield, Edward C. The Moral Basis of a Backward Society. Glencoe, IL, 1958.
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Putnam, Robert D. Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. New York, 2000.
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Skocpol, Theda Diminished Democracy: From Membership to Management in American Life. Norman, OK, 2003.
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Murray, Charles Coming Apart: The State of White America, 1960–2010. New York, 2012.
149
Hall, Peter Social Capital in Britain // British Journal of Politics, 29 (1999), p. 419.
150
Harris, José Society and the State in Twentieth Century Britain / In: F. M.L. Thompson, ed. The Cambridge Social History of Britain 1750–1950, vol. III: Social Agencies and Institutions. Oxford, 1990. P. 68.
151
Humphreys, Robert Poor Relief and Charity, 1869–1945. London, 2001. Tables 2.7, 3.2, 4.1, 4.2, pp. 55, 68, 105, 109.
152
Lewis, Jane The Voluntary Sector, the State, and Social Work in Britain: The Charity Organisation Society and the Family Welfare Association since 1869. London, 1995.
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Hall, Peter A. Social Capital in Britain // British Journal of Political Science, 29 (1999), pp. 421f.
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Ср.: Friendly Societies // British Medical Journal, 25 December 1909, и Register of Friendly Societies. Report of the Chief Registrar, 2000–2001. London, 2001.
155
Gosden, P. H. J.H. Self-Help: Voluntary Associations in the Nineteenth Century. Leeds, 1973. Tables 3.1, 4.5, pp. 42, 104.
156
Schofer, Evan, and Marion Fourcade-Gourinchas The Structural Contexts of Civic Engagement: Voluntary Association Membership in Comparative Perspective // American Sociological Review, 66 (December 2001), p. 808.
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National Council for Voluntary Organizations Participation: Trends, Facts and Figures (March 2011), p. 18.
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Cowley, Edd, McKenzie, Tom, Pharoah, Cathy, and Sarah Smith The New State of Donation: Three Decades of Household Giving to Charity, 1978–2008. Centre for Market and Public Organisation, University of Bristol (February 2011).
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Rutherfoord, Robert Community Action in England: A Report on the 2009–2010 Citizenship Survey (December 2011); Rutherfoord, Robert Community Spirit in England: A Report on the 2009–2010 Citizenship Survey (December 2011).
160
Schmidt, Eric, and Jared Cohen The Digital Disruption: Connectivity and the Diffusion of Power // Foreign Affairs (November/December, 2010).
161
Ellison, Nicole B., Steinfield, Charles, and Cliff Lampe The Benefits of Facebook “Friends”: Social Capital and College Students’ Use of Online Social Network Sites // Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 12, 4 (2007). См.: http://jcmc.indiana.edu/vol12/issue4/ellison.html. Также см.: Ellison, Nicole B., Steinfield, Charles, and Cliff Lampe Connection Strategies: Social Capital Implications of Facebook-Enabled Communication Practices // New Media Society, 13, 6 (2011), pp. 873–892.
162
Tocqueville, Alexis de Democracy in America. Book II, part 4, ch. 6.
163
Ibid. Part 2, ch. 5.
164
Lindert, Peter H. Voice and Growth: Was Churchill Right? // Journal of Economic History, 63, 2 (June 2003), pp. 315–350; Lindert, Peter H. Why the Welfare State Looks Like a Free Lunch // NBER Working Paper 9869 (July 2003). Также см.: Sun Go, and Peter H. Lindert The Curious Dawn of American Public Schools // NBER Working Paper 13335 (August 2007).
165
Collier, Paul Private v State: Here’s How to Bridge the Educational Divide // Independent, 14 January 2010.
166
The Horse before the Cart // Economist, 17 September 2011.
167
Education Reform: Back to School // Economist, 9 September 2011.
168
Justesen, Mogens Kamp Learning from Europe: Parental Empowerment in the Dutch and Danish Education Systems. Adam Smith Institute (2002).
169
Данные за 2010–2011 годы см.: http://www.successacademies.org/page.cfm?p=11.
170
The Ties that Bind // Economist, 28 March 2012.
171
Tooley, James The Beautiful Tree: A Personal Journey into How the World’s Poorest People are Educating Themselves. Washington, DC, 2009.
172
West, Martin, and Ludger Woessmann “Every Catholic in a Catholic School”: Historical Resistance to State Schooling, Contemporary School Competition, and Student Achievement across Countries // Economic Journal, 120, 546 (2010), pp. 229–255.
173
Helm, Toby, and Julian Coman Rowan Williams Pours Scorn on David Cameron’s “Big Society” // Guardian, 24 June 2012.
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Martin Sime Addresses the Big Society in Scotland Conference. 28 October 2011. См.: http://www.scvo.org.uk/scvo-news/martin-sime-addresses-the-big-society-inscotland-conference/.
175
Allen, Robert C., Bassino, Jean-Pascal, Ma, Debin, Christine Moll-Murata, and Jan Luiten van Zanden Wages, Prices, and Living Standards in China, 1739–1925: In Comparison with Europe, Japan, and India // Economic History Review, 64 (2011), table 3, p. 36.
176
Ashenfelter, Orley C. Comparing Real Wages // NBER Working Paper 18006 (April 2012).
177
Unz, Ron Race, IQ and Wealth // American Conservative (August 2012); Lynn, Richard, and Tatu Vanhanen IQ and the Wealth of Nations. Westport, CT, 2002.
178
Подсчитано на основе данных Эммануэль Саэс (TabFig2010.xls, fig. A1b). См.: http://emlab.berkeley.edu/users/saez/.
179
Ibid. См.: http://emlab.berkeley.edu/users/saez/.
180
McKinsey Global Institute Urban World: Cities and the Rise of the Consuming Class (June 2012), p. 20. Также см.: McKinsey Global Institute India’s Urban Awakening: Building Inclusive Cities, Sustaining Economic Growth (April 2010).
181
West, Geoffrey Why Cities Keep Growing, Corporations and People Always Die, and Life Gets Faster // Edge, 17 July 2011. Также см. лекцию Уэста для TED: http://www.ted.com/talks/geoffrey_west_the_surprising_math_of_cities_and_corporations.html.
182
См.: Cohen, David Earth’s Natural Wealth: An Audit // New Scientist, 23 May 2007. Расчеты, касающиеся углеводородного топлива, опираются на данные “Бритиш петролеум” и рыночные цены середины 2011 года.
183
Milken, Michael Where’s Sputnik? Summoning the Will to Create the Next American Century // Milken Institute Review, 2nd Quarter (2011), pp. 1–20.
184
Ernst & Young The World is Bumpy: Globalization and New Strategies for Growth (2012). Fig. 4, p. 8.
185
Pinker, Steven The Better Angels of our Nature: The Decline of Violence and its Psychological Roots. New York, 2011.
186
Odlyzko, Andrew Crushing National Debts, Economic Revolutions, and Extraordinary Popular Delusions. University of Minnesota Working Paper (2012).
187
Reinhart, Carmen M., Reinhart, Vincent R., and Kenneth S. Rogoff Debt Overhangs: Past and Present // NBER Working Paper 18015 (April 2012).
188
Krugman, Paul Money for Nothing // New York Times, 26 July 2012.
189
Thiel, Peter Swift Blind Horseman // National Review, 3 October 2011.
190
Turchin, Peter Dynamics of Political Instability in the United States, 1780–2010 // Journal of Peace Research 1–15 (2012).
191
Речь, произнесенная в Роаноке (штат Виргиния) 13 июля 2012 года. См.: http://www.whitehouse.gov/thepress-office/2012/07/13/remarks-president-campaign-eventroanoke-virginia.
